Flooding in river mouths: human caused or natural events? Five centuries of flooding events in the SW Netherlands, 1500–2000

de Kraker, A. M. J.

doi:10.5194/hess-19-2673-2015

Articles | Volume 19, issue 6

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2673-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

Floods and their changes in historical times – a European...

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2673-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 19, issue 6

Research article

|

09 Jun 2015

Research article |

| 09 Jun 2015

Flooding in river mouths: human caused or natural events? Five centuries of flooding events in the SW Netherlands, 1500–2000

A. M. J. de Kraker

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Total article views: 6,785 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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Views and downloads (calculated since 30 Jan 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2015	23	8	0	31
Feb 2015	35	32	1	68
Mar 2015	24	14	0	38
Apr 2015	18	7	0	25
May 2015	2	11	2	15
Jun 2015	538	251	17	806
Jul 2015	163	81	2	246
Aug 2015	38	25	0	63
Sep 2015	40	19	7	66
Oct 2015	34	18	3	55
Nov 2015	43	16	3	62
Dec 2015	22	19	0	41
Jan 2016	31	18	0	49
Feb 2016	22	14	3	39
Mar 2016	49	23	0	72
Apr 2016	17	9	0	26
May 2016	14	9	1	24
Jun 2016	8	5	0	13
Jul 2016	11	4	2	17
Aug 2016	13	13	3	29
Sep 2016	13	10	1	24
Oct 2016	14	5	0	19
Nov 2016	11	5	1	17
Dec 2016	5	4	0	9
Jan 2017	23	10	5	38
Feb 2017	21	8	7	36
Mar 2017	32	11	6	49
Apr 2017	50	15	4	69
May 2017	47	18	6	71
Jun 2017	39	16	6	61
Jul 2017	27	11	3	41
Aug 2017	11	18	0	29
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Oct 2017	10	23	5	38
Nov 2017	12	28	2	42
Dec 2017	15	48	2	65
Jan 2018	8	16	2	26
Feb 2018	17	24	3	44
Mar 2018	16	50	2	68
Apr 2018	10	38	1	49
May 2018	27	39	0	66
Jun 2018	25	47	1	73
Jul 2018	22	32	2	56
Aug 2018	22	31	0	53
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Oct 2018	14	28	1	43
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Jan 2019	15	17	8	40
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Mar 2019	15	16	1	32
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Jun 2019	9	25	0	34
Jul 2019	15	21	1	37
Aug 2019	9	15	0	24
Sep 2019	11	19	0	30
Oct 2019	8	16	1	25
Nov 2019	13	10	0	23
Dec 2019	4	17	1	22
Jan 2020	11	19	2	32
Feb 2020	18	12	0	30
Mar 2020	14	21	0	35
Apr 2020	7	14	0	21
May 2020	7	8	0	15
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Jul 2020	29	19	10	58
Aug 2020	23	16	6	45
Sep 2020	18	4	0	22
Oct 2020	21	16	0	37
Nov 2020	28	8	0	36
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Apr 2021	31	21	1	53
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Jun 2021	15	10	0	25
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Aug 2021	26	26	0	52
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Nov 2021	17	30	2	49
Dec 2021	17	13	1	31
Jan 2022	25	19	2	46
Feb 2022	5	6	1	12
Mar 2022	58	51	6	115
Apr 2022	42	16	0	58
May 2022	22	18	2	42
Jun 2022	5	8	2	15
Jul 2022	21	11	2	34
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Oct 2022	25	11	2	38
Nov 2022	23	13	1	37
Dec 2022	21	7	2	30
Jan 2023	19	21	3	43
Feb 2023	18	11	1	30
Mar 2023	21	19	3	43
Apr 2023	17	32	3	52
May 2023	15	15	1	31
Jun 2023	30	22	3	55
Jul 2023	13	12	4	29
Aug 2023	19	19	3	41
Sep 2023	17	15	0	32
Oct 2023	23	18	2	43
Nov 2023	29	11	0	40
Dec 2023	28	14	2	44
Jan 2024	22	17	3	42
Feb 2024	32	12	0	44
Mar 2024	27	29	1	57
Apr 2024	37	7	7	51
May 2024	61	27	6	94
Jun 2024	59	22	5	86
Jul 2024	26	14	6	46
Aug 2024	34	10	7	51
Sep 2024	42	13	4	59
Oct 2024	50	15	1	66
Nov 2024	36	7	0	43
Dec 2024	28	24	1	53
Jan 2025	26	12	3	41
Feb 2025	32	9	0	41
Mar 2025	35	8	2	45
Apr 2025	29	22	1	52
May 2025	38	15	1	54
Jun 2025	51	20	1	72
Jul 2025	38	39	0	77
Aug 2025	32	73	1	106
Sep 2025	38	44	2	84
Oct 2025	38	44	2	84
Nov 2025	41	46	3	90
Dec 2025	5	9	1	15

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 30 Jan 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2015	23	8	0	31
Feb 2015	35	32	1	68
Mar 2015	24	14	0	38
Apr 2015	18	7	0	25
May 2015	2	11	2	15
Jun 2015	538	251	17	806
Jul 2015	163	81	2	246
Aug 2015	38	25	0	63
Sep 2015	40	19	7	66
Oct 2015	34	18	3	55
Nov 2015	43	16	3	62
Dec 2015	22	19	0	41
Jan 2016	31	18	0	49
Feb 2016	22	14	3	39
Mar 2016	49	23	0	72
Apr 2016	17	9	0	26
May 2016	14	9	1	24
Jun 2016	8	5	0	13
Jul 2016	11	4	2	17
Aug 2016	13	13	3	29
Sep 2016	13	10	1	24
Oct 2016	14	5	0	19
Nov 2016	11	5	1	17
Dec 2016	5	4	0	9
Jan 2017	23	10	5	38
Feb 2017	21	8	7	36
Mar 2017	32	11	6	49
Apr 2017	50	15	4	69
May 2017	47	18	6	71
Jun 2017	39	16	6	61
Jul 2017	27	11	3	41
Aug 2017	11	18	0	29
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Oct 2017	10	23	5	38
Nov 2017	12	28	2	42
Dec 2017	15	48	2	65
Jan 2018	8	16	2	26
Feb 2018	17	24	3	44
Mar 2018	16	50	2	68
Apr 2018	10	38	1	49
May 2018	27	39	0	66
Jun 2018	25	47	1	73
Jul 2018	22	32	2	56
Aug 2018	22	31	0	53
Sep 2018	19	33	0	52
Oct 2018	14	28	1	43
Nov 2018	18	30	1	49
Dec 2018	16	28	7	51
Jan 2019	15	17	8	40
Feb 2019	10	17	0	27
Mar 2019	15	16	1	32
Apr 2019	19	16	0	35
May 2019	14	23	1	38
Jun 2019	9	25	0	34
Jul 2019	15	21	1	37
Aug 2019	9	15	0	24
Sep 2019	11	19	0	30
Oct 2019	8	16	1	25
Nov 2019	13	10	0	23
Dec 2019	4	17	1	22
Jan 2020	11	19	2	32
Feb 2020	18	12	0	30
Mar 2020	14	21	0	35
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May 2020	7	8	0	15
Jun 2020	18	20	0	38
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Aug 2020	23	16	6	45
Sep 2020	18	4	0	22
Oct 2020	21	16	0	37
Nov 2020	28	8	0	36
Dec 2020	56	14	0	70
Jan 2021	42	14	0	56
Feb 2021	33	6	1	40
Mar 2021	30	20	2	52
Apr 2021	31	21	1	53
May 2021	21	10	0	31
Jun 2021	15	10	0	25
Jul 2021	19	8	1	28
Aug 2021	26	26	0	52
Sep 2021	20	14	0	34
Oct 2021	13	45	1	59
Nov 2021	17	30	2	49
Dec 2021	17	13	1	31
Jan 2022	25	19	2	46
Feb 2022	5	6	1	12
Mar 2022	58	51	6	115
Apr 2022	42	16	0	58
May 2022	22	18	2	42
Jun 2022	5	8	2	15
Jul 2022	21	11	2	34
Aug 2022	24	4	0	28
Sep 2022	12	6	1	19
Oct 2022	25	11	2	38
Nov 2022	23	13	1	37
Dec 2022	21	7	2	30
Jan 2023	19	21	3	43
Feb 2023	18	11	1	30
Mar 2023	21	19	3	43
Apr 2023	17	32	3	52
May 2023	15	15	1	31
Jun 2023	30	22	3	55
Jul 2023	13	12	4	29
Aug 2023	19	19	3	41
Sep 2023	17	15	0	32
Oct 2023	23	18	2	43
Nov 2023	29	11	0	40
Dec 2023	28	14	2	44
Jan 2024	22	17	3	42
Feb 2024	32	12	0	44
Mar 2024	27	29	1	57
Apr 2024	37	7	7	51
May 2024	61	27	6	94
Jun 2024	59	22	5	86
Jul 2024	26	14	6	46
Aug 2024	34	10	7	51
Sep 2024	42	13	4	59
Oct 2024	50	15	1	66
Nov 2024	36	7	0	43
Dec 2024	28	24	1	53
Jan 2025	26	12	3	41
Feb 2025	32	9	0	41
Mar 2025	35	8	2	45
Apr 2025	29	22	1	52
May 2025	38	15	1	54
Jun 2025	51	20	1	72
Jul 2025	38	39	0	77
Aug 2025	32	73	1	106
Sep 2025	38	44	2	84
Oct 2025	38	44	2	84
Nov 2025	41	46	3	90
Dec 2025	5	9	1	15

Latest update: 06 Dec 2025

Short summary

Natural floodings caused by storm floods also have important human components determining how disastrous they could be. Man-made floodings during warfare were only successful if natural conditions and factors were fully used. Strategic floodings during the 16th-17th centuries dramatically changed landscapes, from which valueble lessons were learnt to perfect this strategy in the 18th and 19th centuries.