Effects of snow ratio on annual runoff within the Budyko framework

Zhang, D.; Cong, Z.; Ni, G.; Yang, D.; Hu, S.

doi:10.5194/hess-19-1977-2015

Articles | Volume 19, issue 4

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1977-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

Catchment co-evolution: space–time patterns and functional...

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1977-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 19, issue 4

Research article

|

24 Apr 2015

Research article |

| 24 Apr 2015

Effects of snow ratio on annual runoff within the Budyko framework

D. Zhang, Z. Cong, G. Ni, D. Yang, and S. Hu

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Views and downloads (calculated since 22 Jan 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2015	49	42	1	92
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Mar 2015	22	15	0	37
Apr 2015	99	59	1	159
May 2015	44	48	1	93
Jun 2015	41	18	1	60
Jul 2015	46	35	3	84
Aug 2015	33	37	0	70
Sep 2015	21	63	10	94
Oct 2015	25	62	2	89
Nov 2015	30	64	2	96
Dec 2015	14	68	0	82
Jan 2016	38	78	0	116
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Apr 2016	16	44	0	60
May 2016	13	40	0	53
Jun 2016	10	25	0	35
Jul 2016	40	27	2	69
Aug 2016	55	31	0	86
Sep 2016	7	24	0	31
Oct 2016	21	30	4	55
Nov 2016	19	21	7	47
Dec 2016	4	21	0	25
Jan 2017	18	35	1	54
Feb 2017	14	30	2	46
Mar 2017	22	35	1	58
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Jun 2017	29	7	3	39
Jul 2017	20	8	1	29
Aug 2017	9	9	0	18
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Oct 2019	18	17	1	36
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Dec 2019	8	10	1	19
Jan 2020	10	10	1	21
Feb 2020	5	5	0	10
Mar 2020	6	9	0	15
Apr 2020	10	11	0	21
May 2020	11	12	0	23
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Jul 2020	18	10	5	33
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Nov 2021	20	24	2	46
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Jan 2022	19	17	0	36
Feb 2022	20	12	3	35
Mar 2022	13	12	0	25
Apr 2022	13	6	0	19
May 2022	22	14	2	38
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Oct 2022	18	15	3	36
Nov 2022	32	14	0	46
Dec 2022	11	9	0	20
Jan 2023	19	18	1	38
Feb 2023	23	13	1	37
Mar 2023	19	16	2	37
Apr 2023	10	6	1	17
May 2023	13	13	0	26
Jun 2023	7	7	0	14
Jul 2023	6	10	3	19
Aug 2023	15	12	5	32
Sep 2023	12	16	2	30
Oct 2023	14	10	0	24
Nov 2023	13	9	1	23
Dec 2023	13	17	1	31
Jan 2024	12	9	0	21
Feb 2024	8	9	2	19
Mar 2024	13	12	1	26
Apr 2024	24	21	5	50
May 2024	19	16	7	42
Jun 2024	16	7	1	24
Jul 2024	11	9	7	27
Aug 2024	27	3	2	32
Sep 2024	15	8	0	23
Oct 2024	16	8	0	24
Nov 2024	20	15	1	36
Dec 2024	12	5	0	17
Jan 2025	20	23	0	43
Feb 2025	33	12	1	46
Mar 2025	31	17	2	50
Apr 2025	34	17	4	55
May 2025	28	16	0	44
Jun 2025	40	27	0	67
Jul 2025	34	19	2	55
Aug 2025	25	20	2	47
Sep 2025	48	25	1	74
Oct 2025	38	38	4	80
Nov 2025	43	21	25	89
Dec 2025	6	4	0	10

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 22 Jan 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
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Feb 2015	19	22	0	41
Mar 2015	22	15	0	37
Apr 2015	99	59	1	159
May 2015	44	48	1	93
Jun 2015	41	18	1	60
Jul 2015	46	35	3	84
Aug 2015	33	37	0	70
Sep 2015	21	63	10	94
Oct 2015	25	62	2	89
Nov 2015	30	64	2	96
Dec 2015	14	68	0	82
Jan 2016	38	78	0	116
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Mar 2016	46	62	0	108
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Jan 2022	19	17	0	36
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Nov 2022	32	14	0	46
Dec 2022	11	9	0	20
Jan 2023	19	18	1	38
Feb 2023	23	13	1	37
Mar 2023	19	16	2	37
Apr 2023	10	6	1	17
May 2023	13	13	0	26
Jun 2023	7	7	0	14
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Aug 2023	15	12	5	32
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Dec 2023	13	17	1	31
Jan 2024	12	9	0	21
Feb 2024	8	9	2	19
Mar 2024	13	12	1	26
Apr 2024	24	21	5	50
May 2024	19	16	7	42
Jun 2024	16	7	1	24
Jul 2024	11	9	7	27
Aug 2024	27	3	2	32
Sep 2024	15	8	0	23
Oct 2024	16	8	0	24
Nov 2024	20	15	1	36
Dec 2024	12	5	0	17
Jan 2025	20	23	0	43
Feb 2025	33	12	1	46
Mar 2025	31	17	2	50
Apr 2025	34	17	4	55
May 2025	28	16	0	44
Jun 2025	40	27	0	67
Jul 2025	34	19	2	55
Aug 2025	25	20	2	47
Sep 2025	48	25	1	74
Oct 2025	38	38	4	80
Nov 2025	43	21	25	89
Dec 2025	6	4	0	10

Latest update: 06 Dec 2025

Short summary

1. Catchments with higher snow ratio tend to have larger runoff index. 2. A modified Budyko method is proposed to illustrate the snow effect on runoff. 3. Snow ratio change has a significant contribution to runoff change, according to historical observations and projected future climate scenarios, especially in northwestern mountainous and northern high-latitude areas of China.