Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-47
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-47
16 Feb 2022
 | 16 Feb 2022
Status: this discussion paper is a preprint. It has been under review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS). The manuscript was not accepted for further review after discussion.

Spatiotemporal dynamics and interrelationship between soil moisture and groundwater over the Critical Zone Observatory in the Central Ganga plain, North India

Saroj Kumar Dash and Rajiv Sinha

Abstract. The understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics of Earth’s hydrological components and their controls is critical for efficient water resource management, especially in the agriculture-dominated landscapes. In this study, we utilize the empirical orthogonal function (EOF), random combination, and temporal stability approach on the soil moisture (SM) and depth to groundwater table (DTGT) observations from the Critical Zone Observatory in the Ganga basin to understand their spatiotemporal variability and optimal sampling strategies. Around 91 % of the observed DTGT spatial variations are explained by the first two spatial EOF whereas the first five EOFs explain only 67 % of the total SM variability. Topography and soil texture (% clay) are considered to be the leading factors that drive the spatial pattern of both the attributes. Furthermore, we noted that four SM sampling locations and two monitoring well, selected randomly can capture the mean spatial variability with an accuracy of 3 % vol /vol and 0.90 mgbl (meter below ground level) respectively. Moreover, four temporally stable SM sites and a single observation well are identified, which provide the spatial mean with an absolute error of ±2 % vol /vol and 0.36 mgbl respectively. Overall, this study provides an insight to spatiotemporal hydrological controls in an intensively managed landscape and has important implications for water resource management in such regions.

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Saroj Kumar Dash and Rajiv Sinha

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on hess-2022-47', Anonymous Referee #1, 28 Feb 2022
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Saroj Dash, 27 Apr 2022
  • RC2: 'Comment on hess-2022-47', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 Apr 2022
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Saroj Dash, 27 Apr 2022
  • EC1: 'Comment on hess-2022-47 from the editor', Nunzio Romano, 10 Apr 2022

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on hess-2022-47', Anonymous Referee #1, 28 Feb 2022
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Saroj Dash, 27 Apr 2022
  • RC2: 'Comment on hess-2022-47', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 Apr 2022
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Saroj Dash, 27 Apr 2022
  • EC1: 'Comment on hess-2022-47 from the editor', Nunzio Romano, 10 Apr 2022
Saroj Kumar Dash and Rajiv Sinha
Saroj Kumar Dash and Rajiv Sinha

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Short summary
Soil moisture and groundwater play a significant role in the hydrology of the critical zone in the Earth system, specifically in an agriculture-driven environment. We present here the space-time dynamics of both these components from a well-instrumented critical zone observatory in the Ganga basin, India. Influences on the spatiotemporal variability along with the optimal sampling strategies are explored in this study, providing an insight to the stakeholders for efficient water management.