Using Snowfall Intensity to Improve the Correction of Wind-Induced Undercatch in Solid Precipitation Measurements
- 1Electrical, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture Department, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16145, Ital
- 2WMO/CIMO Lead Centre "B. Castelli" on Precipitation Intensity, Genoa, 16145, Italy
- 3Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16145, Italy
- 4Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, H2X 3Y7, Quebec, Canada
- 5Research applications Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, 80307-3000, Colorado, USA
- 1Electrical, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture Department, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16145, Ital
- 2WMO/CIMO Lead Centre "B. Castelli" on Precipitation Intensity, Genoa, 16145, Italy
- 3Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16145, Italy
- 4Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, H2X 3Y7, Quebec, Canada
- 5Research applications Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, 80307-3000, Colorado, USA
Abstract. Transfer functions are generally used to adjust for the wind-induced undercatch of solid precipitation measurements. These functions are derived based on the variation of the collection efficiency with wind speed for a particular type of gauge, either using field experiments or based on numerical simulation. Most studies use the wind speed alone, while others also include surface air temperature and/or precipitation type to try to reduce the scatter of the residuals at a given wind speed. In this study, we propose the use of the measured precipitation intensity to improve the effectiveness of the transfer function.
This is achieved by applying optimized curve fitting to field measurements from the Marshall field-test site (CO, USA). The use of a non-gradient optimization algorithm ensures optimal binning of experimental data according to the parameter under test. The results reveal that using precipitation intensity as an explanatory variable significantly reduce the scatter of the residuals. The scatter reduction as indicated by the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is confirmed by the analysis of the recent quality controlled data from the WMO/SPICE campaign, showing that this approach can be applied to a variety of locations and catching-type gauges.
We demonstrate the physical basis of the relationship between the collection efficiency and the measured precipitation intensity, due to the correlation of large particles with high intensities, by conducting a Computational Fluid-Dynamics (CFD) simulation. We use a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes SST k-ω model coupled with a Lagrangian particle-tracking model. Results validate the hypothesis of using the measured precipitation intensity as a key parameter to improve the correction of wind-induced undercatch.
Findings have the potential to improve operational measurements since no additional instrument other than a wind sensor is required to apply the correction. This improves the accuracy of precipitation measurements without the additional cost of ancillary instruments such as particle counters.
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Preprint
(2549 KB)
Matteo Colli et al.
Interactive discussion


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RC1: 'Comments on mauscript "Using Snowfall Intensity to Improve the Correction of Wind-Induced Undercatch in Solid Precipitation Measurements"', Daniele Bocchiola, 14 Dec 2018
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AC2: 'Answers to reviewer 1', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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AC3: 'Revised paper', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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AC2: 'Answers to reviewer 1', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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RC2: 'hess-2018-447: Paper by Colli et al', Anonymous Referee #2, 08 Feb 2019
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AC1: 'Answers to reviewer 2', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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AC4: 'Revised paper', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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AC1: 'Answers to reviewer 2', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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AC5: 'Revised paper', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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AC6: 'Tracked changes', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
Interactive discussion


-
RC1: 'Comments on mauscript "Using Snowfall Intensity to Improve the Correction of Wind-Induced Undercatch in Solid Precipitation Measurements"', Daniele Bocchiola, 14 Dec 2018
-
AC2: 'Answers to reviewer 1', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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AC3: 'Revised paper', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
-
AC2: 'Answers to reviewer 1', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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RC2: 'hess-2018-447: Paper by Colli et al', Anonymous Referee #2, 08 Feb 2019
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AC1: 'Answers to reviewer 2', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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AC4: 'Revised paper', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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AC1: 'Answers to reviewer 2', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
-
AC5: 'Revised paper', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
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AC6: 'Tracked changes', Matteo Colli, 16 Apr 2019
Matteo Colli et al.
Matteo Colli et al.
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