Articles | Volume 30, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-4157-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-4157-2026
Research article
 | 
02 Jul 2026
Research article |  | 02 Jul 2026

Quantifying the response of water and carbon balances to land cover and climate extremes across Germany

Karim Pyarali, Lulu Zhang, Ning Liu, Abdulhakeem Al-Qubati, and Ge Sun

Data sets

WaSSI Model Output Karim Pyarali https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25053641.v1

Germany Watershed Delineation Karim Pyarali https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25053599.v1

Model code and software

R-based Water Supply Stress Index (rWaSSI) model. Ning Liu https://sites.google.com/view/rwassi/home?authuser=0

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Short summary
An ecosystem services model was applied across Germany to estimate water supply and carbon sequestration. The results showed that total annual water discharge and carbon sequestration for Germany is 85 billion m3 and 106 Tg C, respectively. Furthermore, we found that croplands provide the largest amount of water, deciduous broadleaf forests sequester most of the carbon, and wetlands are very effective in absorbing carbon. During extreme events, we noticed a real impact on both services.
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