Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 30, issue 9
Articles | Volume 30, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2651-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2651-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 30, issue 9
Research article
 | 
06 May 2026
Research article |  | 06 May 2026

Introducing the Model Fidelity Metric (MFM) for robust and diagnostic land surface model evaluation

Zezhen Wu, Zhongwang Wei, Xingjie Lu, Nan Wei, Lu Li, Shupeng Zhang, Hua Yuan, Shaofeng Liu, and Yongjiu Dai

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Short summary
Land surface models simulate exchanges at the Earth's surface. Traditional evaluation methods can be misleading because they may hide errors or be overly sensitive to outliers. We introduce the Model Fidelity Metric, which measures model performance in terms of accuracy, variability and distribution similarity. Tests with synthetic data and real streamflow observations show that this metric provides more stable and informative assessments of model performance.
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