Articles | Volume 30, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1877-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1877-2026
Research article
 | 
09 Apr 2026
Research article |  | 09 Apr 2026

Strategies for incorporating static features into global deep learning models

Tanja Liesch and Marc Ohmer

Data sets

Groundwater level time series, meteorological forcings and static feature dataset for 667 wells in Germany Tanja Liesch https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16601180

Model code and software

KITHydrogeology/dynamic_static: Strategies for Incorporating Static Features into Global Deep Learning Models - Code Release v1.0.0 Tanja Liesch https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19452437

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Short summary
We studied how to add site information to deep learning models that predict groundwater levels at many wells at once. Using data from Germany, we compared four simple ways to combine time varying weather with time invariant site characteristics. All methods gave similar average accuracy. Repeating site data at each time step was slightly best but used more computer power. The informativeness of site information mattered more than the method, guiding future model design.
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