There is unequivocal evidence that climate change will impact the risk profile of dams, which are critical for water supply and flood mitigation. We project changes in the overtopping risk for 18 large dams in Australia in response to global warming. We consider the impacts of climate change on rainfall depth, rainfall temporal pattern, and rainfall losses. Under 4 °C of global warming, the risk of overtopping floods was 2.4–17 times that of historical conditions.

This study evaluates the extrapolation performance of long short-term memory (LSTM) networks in rainfall–runoff modeling, specifically under extreme precipitation conditions. The findings reveal that the LSTM cannot predict discharge values beyond a theoretical limit and that this limit is well below the extremity of its training data. This behavior results from the LSTM's gating structures rather than saturation of the cell states alone.

We studied how river water and groundwater mix beneath Tarnów, Poland, by tracking natural physicochemical “fingerprints” in water over a year. Our study shows that the Dunajec River is the main recharge source for the underground reservoir, supplying drinking water to nearly 270,000 people. We present a cost-effective, transferable workflow to trace groundwater origins and flow speed, which promotes sustainable water supply management and ensures faster responses to potential pollution.

This study explores how snow dynamics and hydropower reservoirs shape monthly runoff in the Yalong River basin, China. Using 15 years of data and an extended Budyko framework, we found that snow accumulation and melt dominate runoff in high-altitude areas, while reservoirs increasingly influence lower elevations. These factors reduce runoff seasonality at the basin outlet, emphasizing how climate change and human activity alter water availability in cold, mountainous regions.

River water temperature is a key factor for water quality. Under climate change, inland water temperatures have increased, putting pressure on aquatic life and reducing the potential for human use. Here, future river water temperatures for Switzerland are studied. Results show that, towards the end of the 21st century, average river water temperatures will likely increase by 3.1 ± 0.7 °C. This is likely to increases the thermal stress on sensitive aquatic species such as the brown trout.