Articles | Volume 28, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2065-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2065-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Identification of compound drought and heatwave events on a daily scale and across four seasons
Research Unit Knowledge-based Systems (KERMIT), Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Niko E. C. Verhoest
Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Bernard De Baets
Research Unit Knowledge-based Systems (KERMIT), Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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- Spatiotemporal propagation of compound drought events in China: an approach combining 3D clustering and daily-scale Extended Convergent Cross Mapping S. Ning et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133837
- Increasing compound drought and heatwave events in the Horn of Africa and its effect on agriculture N. Abdelrahim & S. Jin https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07850-8
- Comprehensive Analysis of Spatial–Temporal Patterns and Trends of Compound Drought and High Temperature Events from 1982 to 2023 Across China X. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18080943
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- Compound extreme climate events intensify yield anomalies of winter wheat in France B. Shan et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad7ee6
- Impacts of extreme drought and heatwave events on evergreen forests in warm and humid climate regions Y. Ge et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ade60b
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- Rising occurrence of compound droughts and heatwaves in the Arabian Peninsula linked to large-scale atmospheric circulations M. Saharwardi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179433
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- The Joint Occurrence Probability of Compound Drought and Heatwaves: A Copula‐Based Multivariate Analysis of Duration and Severity in China X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70176
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- Global compound drought–hot events: insights from a 3D-event based framework, intercontinental synchronization, and the evolving influence of climatic drivers F. Varghese et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135050
- Anthropogenic intensification of concurrent extreme hot and dry days and related vegetation fire probability X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07816-3
- Europe’s Double Threat: Evolving patterns of compound heatwaves and droughts S. Mathbout et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104987
- Coupled land–atmosphere processes exacerbate recent compound drought and heatwaves over Africa I. Raji et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181452
- Forecasting compound drought-heatwaves using Burg entropy spectral analysis with multi-frequency resolutions J. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133166
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- Understanding the 2023 compound dry hazard events across the pan-Asian region D. Abella & K. Ahn https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae08cf
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- Impact of Rising Compound Drought and Heatwaves on Vegetation in Global Drylands C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3610155
- Decoupling the internal asymmetry of compound drought-heat events reveals divergent spring phenology responses in the Yangtze River Basin Z. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111394
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- Generalised drought index: a novel multi-scale daily approach for drought assessment J. Martins Careto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8115-2024
- Grasses, legumes and forbs respond differently to compound drought-heatwave events during establishment S. Philadelphi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07440-4
- Multi-metric assessment of compound hot–dry events in Pakistan U. Anjum et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-026-06370-0
- Dominant climatic extremes and their coupled impact modes on vegetation loss across environmental gradients in the Hindu Kush Himalaya J. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111386
- Projected increase in global compound agricultural drought and hot events under climate change W. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104962
- Future projections of compound drought and heatwave events in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea region L. Klimavičius & E. Rimkus https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-026-06563-7
- Multi‐Timescale Drought Dynamics Under Historical and CMIP6 Future Climate Scenarios C. Naresh & A. Mathew https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70628
- Compound drought–heat wave hazards are concentrated in US regions with multiple social vulnerabilities and agricultural dependence A. Sabut et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607273123
40 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Root-Zone Moisture Realized During a Compound Dry–Hot Event, Not Irrigation Persistence, Determines the Resilience of Cropland Carbon–Water Productivity in the Guanzhong Plain, China M. Ju et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18172149
- Spatiotemporal propagation of compound drought events in China: an approach combining 3D clustering and daily-scale Extended Convergent Cross Mapping S. Ning et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133837
- Increasing compound drought and heatwave events in the Horn of Africa and its effect on agriculture N. Abdelrahim & S. Jin https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07850-8
- Comprehensive Analysis of Spatial–Temporal Patterns and Trends of Compound Drought and High Temperature Events from 1982 to 2023 Across China X. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18080943
- Multi-stage compound drought–heatwave stress elevates cotton yield-loss risk across contrasting climate regimes of the China-Pakistan economic corridor L. Gong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109332
- A physically constrained multivariate bias correction framework for projecting compound drought and heatwave risk in the Yangtze River Basin Y. Zhuo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.136475
- Stepwise-clustered downscaling of spatiotemporal variations in compound drought-heatwave extremes over the Yangtze River Basin Z. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104015
- Rapid amplification of Compound Drought and Heatwave risk over India: a regime shift from arid northwest to humid southern and eastern hotspots D. Bhattacharjee & C. Dhanya https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-791-2026
- Characteristics of compound heat and drought events during the spring maize growing season in Northeast China Based on a novel daily-scale analysis framework J. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102140
- Spatial structures of emerging hot and dry compound events over Europe from 1950 to 2023 J. Schmutz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-881-2026
- Spatiotemporal Evolution and Nonlinear Effects of Urban Morphology on Land Surface Temperature in the Context of Heatwaves L. Li & M. Du https://doi.org/10.3390/app16094150
- Heat, drought, and compound events: Thresholds and impacts on crop yield variability J. Bogenreuther et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110836
- Compound extreme climate events intensify yield anomalies of winter wheat in France B. Shan et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad7ee6
- Impacts of extreme drought and heatwave events on evergreen forests in warm and humid climate regions Y. Ge et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ade60b
- Dynamics of the risk of algal blooms induced by surface water temperature in an alpine eutrophic lake under climate warming: Insights from Lake Dianchi J. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131949
- Rising occurrence of compound droughts and heatwaves in the Arabian Peninsula linked to large-scale atmospheric circulations M. Saharwardi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179433
- Spatio-temporal patterns and driving factors of the compound drought and heatwave events across the Yellow River Basin Y. Zou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103648
- The Joint Occurrence Probability of Compound Drought and Heatwaves: A Copula‐Based Multivariate Analysis of Duration and Severity in China X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70176
- Probabilistic evaluation of agricultural drought using meteorological drought propagation mechanisms and Vine Copula in a compound drought framework J. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109888
- Differences in compound drought–heatwave events between the atmosphere and soil during the growing season in the Huai River Basin: Insights from atmospheric evapotranspiration demand and surface energy distribution D. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110741
- Global compound drought–hot events: insights from a 3D-event based framework, intercontinental synchronization, and the evolving influence of climatic drivers F. Varghese et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135050
- Anthropogenic intensification of concurrent extreme hot and dry days and related vegetation fire probability X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07816-3
- Europe’s Double Threat: Evolving patterns of compound heatwaves and droughts S. Mathbout et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104987
- Coupled land–atmosphere processes exacerbate recent compound drought and heatwaves over Africa I. Raji et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181452
- Forecasting compound drought-heatwaves using Burg entropy spectral analysis with multi-frequency resolutions J. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133166
- Butterfly abundance changes in England are well associated with extreme climate events B. Shan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176318
- Understanding the 2023 compound dry hazard events across the pan-Asian region D. Abella & K. Ahn https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae08cf
- Assessing compound drought-heatwave events in Oman using non-stationary copula models M. Al-Wardy et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.136149
- Characteristics of land-atmosphere coupling in compound dry-hot events in Northwestern China Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102754
- Impact of Rising Compound Drought and Heatwaves on Vegetation in Global Drylands C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3610155
- Decoupling the internal asymmetry of compound drought-heat events reveals divergent spring phenology responses in the Yangtze River Basin Z. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111394
- Storm Gloria (2020): coexisting types of compound flooding in the West Mediterranean Region M. Llasat-Botija et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-4429-2026
- Generalised drought index: a novel multi-scale daily approach for drought assessment J. Martins Careto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8115-2024
- Grasses, legumes and forbs respond differently to compound drought-heatwave events during establishment S. Philadelphi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07440-4
- Multi-metric assessment of compound hot–dry events in Pakistan U. Anjum et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-026-06370-0
- Dominant climatic extremes and their coupled impact modes on vegetation loss across environmental gradients in the Hindu Kush Himalaya J. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111386
- Projected increase in global compound agricultural drought and hot events under climate change W. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104962
- Future projections of compound drought and heatwave events in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea region L. Klimavičius & E. Rimkus https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-026-06563-7
- Multi‐Timescale Drought Dynamics Under Historical and CMIP6 Future Climate Scenarios C. Naresh & A. Mathew https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70628
- Compound drought–heat wave hazards are concentrated in US regions with multiple social vulnerabilities and agricultural dependence A. Sabut et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607273123
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 02 Oct 2026
Short summary
This study developed a convenient and new method to identify the occurrence of droughts, heatwaves, and co-occurring droughts and heatwaves (CDHW) across four seasons. Using this method, we could establish the start and/or end dates of drought (or heatwave) events. We found an increase in the frequency of heatwaves and CDHW events in Belgium caused by climate change. We also found that different months have different chances of CDHW events.
This study developed a convenient and new method to identify the occurrence of droughts,...