Articles | Volume 26, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5207-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5207-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Oct 2022
Research article |
| 18 Oct 2022
| 18 Oct 2022
Effect of tides on river water behavior over the eastern shelf seas of China
Lei Lin
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of
Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling,
Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,
China
College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of
Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
Xiaomeng Huang
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling,
Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,
China
Qingjun Fu
College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of
Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
Xinyu Guo
Center for Marine Environmental Study, Ehime University, Matsuyama
790-8577, Japan
Related authors
No articles found.
Zhixuan Guo, Wei Li, Philippe Ciais, Stephen Sitch, Guido R. van der Werf, Simon P. K. Bowring, Ana Bastos, Florent Mouillot, Jiaying He, Minxuan Sun, Lei Zhu, Xiaomeng Du, Nan Wang, and Xiaomeng Huang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3599–3618, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3599-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3599-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
To address the limitations of short time spans in satellite data and spatiotemporal discontinuity in site records, we reconstructed global monthly burned area maps at a 0.5° resolution for 1901–2020 using machine learning models. The global burned area is predicted at 3.46 × 106–4.58 × 106 km² per year, showing a decline from 1901 to 1978, an increase from 1978 to 2008 and a sharper decrease from 2008 to 2020. This dataset provides a benchmark for studies on fire ecology and the carbon cycle.
Dufu Liu, Feihu Huang, Peng Zheng, Xiaomeng Huang, Xi Wu, Xia Yuan, Jiafeng Zheng, Xiaojie Li, and Jing Hu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2714, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2714, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
Because of the limitations of past data-based models and the high cost of NWP computing, accurate precipitation proximity forecasting remains challenging. A dual encoder-decoder framework is proposed to enhance short-term forecasting and reduce underestimation in extreme precipitation by using spatio-temporal information conversion equations and adaptive weighted gradient loss. Experiments on SEVIR datasets show greater accuracy than existing deep learning methods.
Menghong Dong, Xinyu Guo, Takuya Matsuura, Taichi Tebakari, and Jing Zhang
Biogeosciences, 22, 2383–2402, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2383-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2383-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), a common coastal hydrological process that involves submarine inflow of groundwater into the sea, is associated with a large nutrient load. To clarify the distribution of SGD-derived nutrients after release at the bottom of the sea and their contribution to phytoplankton growth in the marine ecosystem, we modeled the SGD process in Toyama Bay using a specialized computer code that can distinguish SGD-derived nutrients from nutrients from other sources.
Dong Wang and Xiaomeng Huang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3533, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3533, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a method to enhance data output efficiency in high-resolution climate models by redistributing workloads and allowing lighter tasks to temporarily store data. We use smaller communication groups and I/O aggregation for efficient data writing. A reinforcement learning agent optimizes the approach based on performance data from two models, suggesting a promising strategy to reduce data output overhead and improve model performance.
Menghong Dong and Xinyu Guo
Ocean Sci., 20, 1527–1546, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1527-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1527-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We employed a gradient-based algorithm to identify the position and intensity of the fronts in a coastal sea using sea surface temperature data, thereby quantifying their variations. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of these fronts, elucidating their seasonal variability, intra-tidal dynamics, and the influence of winds on the fronts. By capturing the temporal and spatial dynamics of these fronts, our understanding of the complex oceanographic processes within this region is enhanced.
Qian Leng, Xinyu Guo, Junying Zhu, and Akihiko Morimoto
Biogeosciences, 20, 4323–4338, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using a numerical model, we revealed that a large proportion of nutrients in a semi-enclosed sea (Seto Inland Sea, Japan) comes from the Pacific Ocean and supports about half of the phytoplankton growth in the sea. Such results imply that the human-made management of nutrient load from land needs to consider the presence of oceanic nutrients, which act as a background concentration and are not controlled by human activities.
Junying Zhu, Jie Shi, and Xinyu Guo
Ocean Sci., 18, 659–673, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A bottom cold water mass (BCWM) is a widespread physical oceanographic phenomenon among coastal seas. Observations reveal a prominent interannual variation in a BCWM in the Seto Inland Sea during 1994–2015. We found that air–sea heat flux change during the warming season plays an important role in its interannual variation. Comparison with other BCWMs indicates that the size is a key factor for their difference. The findings help understand the response of BCWMs to sea surface forcing change.
Qingyang Xiao, Yixuan Zheng, Guannan Geng, Cuihong Chen, Xiaomeng Huang, Huizheng Che, Xiaoye Zhang, Kebin He, and Qiang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9475–9496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9475-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9475-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used both statistical methods and a chemical transport model to assess the contribution of meteorology and emissions to PM2.5 during 2000–2018. Both methods revealed that emissions dominated the long-term PM2.5 trend with notable meteorological effects ranged up to 37.9 % of regional annual average PM2.5. The meteorological contribution became more beneficial to PM2.5 control in southern China but more unfavorable in northern China during the studied period.
Zhuang Liu, Yi Zhang, Xiaomeng Huang, Jian Li, Dong Wang, Mingqing Wang, and Xing Huang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-158, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-158, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes several techniques for the parallelization and performance optimization of
an unstructured-mesh global atmospheric model. The purpose of this research is to facilitate the rapid iterative model development. These techniques are general and can be used for other parallel modeling on unstructured meshes.
Toru Kobari, Taiga Honma, Daisuke Hasegawa, Naoki Yoshie, Eisuke Tsutsumi, Takeshi Matsuno, Takeyoshi Nagai, Takeru Kanayama, Fukutaro Karu, Koji Suzuki, Takahiro Tanaka, Xinyu Guo, Gen Kume, Ayako Nishina, and Hirohiko Nakamura
Biogeosciences, 17, 2441–2452, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2441-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2441-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We report on biological productivity under turbulent nitrate flux amplified with the Kuroshio. Oceanographic observations exhibit that the Kuroshio topographically enhances significant turbulent mixing and nitrate influx to the euphotic zone. Onboard experiments show phytoplankton and microzooplankton growths enhanced with the nitrate flux and a significant microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton. These rapid and systematic trophodynamics enhance biological productivity in the Kuroshio.
Xiaomeng Huang, Xing Huang, Dong Wang, Qi Wu, Yi Li, Shixun Zhang, Yuwen Chen, Mingqing Wang, Yuan Gao, Qiang Tang, Yue Chen, Zheng Fang, Zhenya Song, and Guangwen Yang
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4729–4749, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4729-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4729-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We designed a simple computing library (OpenArray) to decouple ocean modelling and parallel computing. OpenArray provides 12 basic operators featuring user-friendly interfaces and an implicit parallelization ability. Based on OpenArray, we implement a practical ocean model with an enhanced readability and an excellent scalable performance. OpenArray may signal the beginning of a new frontier in future ocean modelling through ingesting basic operators and cutting-edge computing techniques.
Chao Zhang, Huiwang Gao, Xiaohong Yao, Zongbo Shi, Jinhui Shi, Yang Yu, Ling Meng, and Xinyu Guo
Biogeosciences, 15, 749–765, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-749-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-749-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares the response of phytoplankton growth in the northwest Pacific to those in the Yellow Sea. In general, larger positive responses of phytoplankton induced by combined nutrients (in the subtropical gyre of the northwest Pacific) than those induced by a single nutrient (in the Kuroshio Extension and the Yellow Sea) from the dust are observed. We also emphasize the importance of an increase in bioavailable P stock for phytoplankton growth following dust addition.
Xiaomeng Huang, Qiang Tang, Yuheng Tseng, Yong Hu, Allison H. Baker, Frank O. Bryan, John Dennis, Haohuan Fu, and Guangwen Yang
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 4209–4225, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4209-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4209-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Refining model resolution is helpful for representing climate processes. With resolution increasing, the computational cost will become very huge. We designed a new solver to accelerate the high-resolution ocean simulation so as to reduce the computational cost and make full use of the computing resource of supercomputers. Our results show that the simulation speed of the improved ocean component with 0.1° resolution achieves 10.5 simulated years per wall-clock day on 16875 CPU cores.
Allison H. Baker, Yong Hu, Dorit M. Hammerling, Yu-heng Tseng, Haiying Xu, Xiaomeng Huang, Frank O. Bryan, and Guangwen Yang
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2391–2406, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2391-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2391-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Software quality assurance is critical to detecting errors in large, complex climate simulation codes. We focus on ocean model simulation data in the context of an ensemble-based statistical consistency testing approach developed for atmospheric data. Because ocean and atmosphere models have differing characteristics, we develop a new statistical tool to evaluate ocean model simulation data that provide a simple, subjective, and systematic way to detect errors and instil model confidence.
S. Xu, X. Huang, L.-Y. Oey, F. Xu, H. Fu, Y. Zhang, and G. Yang
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2815–2827, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2815-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2815-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we redesign the mpiPOM with GPUs. Specifically, we first convert the model from its original Fortran form to a new CUDA-C version, POM.gpu-v1.0. Then we optimize the code on each of the GPUs, the communications between the GPUs, and the I/O between the GPUs and the CPUs.
We show that the performance of the new model on a workstation containing 4 GPUs is comparable to that on a powerful cluster with 408 standard CPU cores, and it reduces the energy consumption by a factor of 6.8.
X. M. Huang, W. C. Wang, H. H. Fu, G. W. Yang, B. Wang, and C. Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 93–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-93-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-93-2014, 2014
X. Y. Guo, X.-H. Zhu, Y. Long, and D. J. Huang
Biogeosciences, 10, 6403–6417, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6403-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6403-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Coasts and Estuaries | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Development of a land–river–ocean coupled model for compound floods jointly caused by heavy rainfall and storm surges in large river delta regions
Effects of boundary conditions and aquifer parameters on salinity distribution and mixing-controlled reactions in high-energy beach aquifers
Quantifying cascading uncertainty in compound flood modeling with linked process-based and machine learning models
Mangroves as nature-based mitigation for ENSO-driven compound flood risks in a large river delta
Forecasting estuarine salt intrusion in the Rhine–Meuse delta using an LSTM model
Coastal topography and hydrogeology control critical groundwater gradients and potential beach surface instability during storm surges
Extreme precipitation events induce high fluxes of groundwater and associated nutrients to coastal ocean
Temporally resolved coastal hypoxia forecasting and uncertainty assessment via Bayesian mechanistic modeling
Assessing the dependence structure between oceanographic, fluvial, and pluvial flooding drivers along the United States coastline
Statistical modelling and climate variability of compound surge and precipitation events in a managed water system: a case study in the Netherlands
Estimating the probability of compound floods in estuarine regions
Accretion, retreat and transgression of coastal wetlands experiencing sea-level rise
Climate change overtakes coastal engineering as the dominant driver of hydrological change in a large shallow lagoon
Dynamic mechanism of an extremely severe saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang estuary in February 2014
A novel approach for the assessment of morphological evolution based on observed water levels in tide-dominated estuaries
Seasonal behaviour of tidal damping and residual water level slope in the Yangtze River estuary: identifying the critical position and river discharge for maximum tidal damping
Sediment budget analysis of the Guayas River using a process-based model
Multivariate statistical modelling of compound events via pair-copula constructions: analysis of floods in Ravenna (Italy)
Analytical and numerical study of the salinity intrusion in the Sebou river estuary (Morocco) – effect of the “Super Blood Moon” (total lunar eclipse) of 2015
Linking biogeochemistry to hydro-geometrical variability in tidal estuaries: a generic modeling approach
Impact of the Three Gorges Dam, the South–North Water Transfer Project and water abstractions on the duration and intensity of salt intrusions in the Yangtze River estuary
A 2-D process-based model for suspended sediment dynamics: a first step towards ecological modeling
Revised predictive equations for salt intrusion modelling in estuaries
Impact of the Hoa Binh dam (Vietnam) on water and sediment budgets in the Red River basin and delta
Large-scale suspended sediment transport and sediment deposition in the Mekong Delta
Hydrodynamic controls on oxygen dynamics in a riverine salt wedge estuary, the Yarra River estuary, Australia
Assessing hydrological effects of human interventions on coastal systems: numerical applications to the Venice Lagoon
Environmental flow assessments in estuaries based on an integrated multi-objective method
Modelling climate change effects on a Dutch coastal groundwater system using airborne electromagnetic measurements
An analytical solution for tidal propagation in the Yangtze Estuary, China
Understanding and managing the Westerschelde – synchronizing the physical system and the management system of a complex estuary
Anyifang Zhang and Xiping Yu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 2505–2520, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2505-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2505-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The simultaneous or sequential occurrence of different flood processes, including extreme storm surges and heavy precipitation, tends to trigger compound floods, which are often destructive. We develop a land–river–ocean coupled model for the prediction of compound floods in a big river delta region. The coupled model is shown to perform well in simulating the combined effect of heavy precipitation, river flood routing, storm surges, and inundation for events induced by tropical cyclones.
Rena Meyer, Janek Greskowiak, Stephan L. Seibert, Vincent E. Post, and Gudrun Massmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 1469–1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1469-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1469-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The subsurface of sandy beaches under high-energy conditions where tides, waves, and storms constantly reshape the beach surface is globally common and relevant for the alteration of solute fluxes across the land–sea continuum. Our generic modelling study highlights the relevance of dynamic boundary conditions paired with aquifer properties for groundwater flow, salt transport, and mixing reactions in coastal aquifers that are exposed to strong natural forces.
David F. Muñoz, Hamed Moftakhari, and Hamid Moradkhani
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2531–2553, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2531-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Linking hydrodynamics with machine learning models for compound flood modeling enables a robust characterization of nonlinear interactions among the sources of uncertainty. Such an approach enables the quantification of cascading uncertainty and relative contributions to total uncertainty while also tracking their evolution during compound flooding. The proposed approach is a feasible alternative to conventional statistical approaches designed for uncertainty analyses.
Ignace Pelckmans, Jean-Philippe Belliard, Olivier Gourgue, Luis Elvin Dominguez-Granda, and Stijn Temmerman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1463–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1463-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1463-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The combination of extreme sea levels with increased river flow typically can lead to so-called compound floods. Often these are caused by storms (< 1 d), but climatic events such as El Niño could trigger compound floods over a period of months. We show that the combination of increased sea level and river discharge causes extreme water levels to amplify upstream. Mangrove forests, however, can act as a nature-based flood protection by lowering the extreme water levels coming from the sea.
Bas J. M. Wullems, Claudia C. Brauer, Fedor Baart, and Albrecht H. Weerts
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3823–3850, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3823-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3823-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In deltas, saltwater sometimes intrudes far inland and causes problems with freshwater availability. We created a model to forecast salt concentrations at a critical location in the Rhine–Meuse delta in the Netherlands. It requires a rather small number of data to make a prediction and runs fast. It predicts the occurrence of salt concentration peaks well but underestimates the highest peaks. Its speed gives water managers more time to reduce the problems caused by salt intrusion.
Anner Paldor, Nina Stark, Matthew Florence, Britt Raubenheimer, Steve Elgar, Rachel Housego, Ryan S. Frederiks, and Holly A. Michael
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5987–6002, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5987-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5987-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean surges can impact the stability of beaches by changing the hydraulic regime. These surge-induced changes in the hydraulic regime have important implications for coastal engineering and for beach morphology. This work uses 3D computer simulations to study how these alterations vary in space and time. We find that certain areas along and across the beach are potentially more vulnerable than others and that previous assumptions regarding the most dangerous places may need to be revised.
Marc Diego-Feliu, Valentí Rodellas, Aaron Alorda-Kleinglass, Maarten Saaltink, Albert Folch, and Jordi Garcia-Orellana
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4619–4635, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rainwater infiltrates aquifers and travels a long subsurface journey towards the ocean where it eventually enters below sea level. In its path towards the sea, water becomes enriched in many compounds that are naturally or artificially present within soils and sediments. We demonstrate that extreme rainfall events may significantly increase the inflow of water to the ocean, thereby increasing the supply of these compounds that are fundamental for the sustainability of coastal ecosystems.
Alexey Katin, Dario Del Giudice, and Daniel R. Obenour
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1131–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1131-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1131-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) occur almost every summer in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Here, we present a new approach for forecasting hypoxia from June through September, leveraging a process-based model and an advanced statistical framework. We also show how using spring hydrometeorological information can improve forecast accuracy while reducing uncertainties. The proposed forecasting system shows the potential to support the management of threatened coastal ecosystems and fisheries.
Ahmed A. Nasr, Thomas Wahl, Md Mamunur Rashid, Paula Camus, and Ivan D. Haigh
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6203–6222, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6203-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6203-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse dependences between different flooding drivers around the USA coastline, where the Gulf of Mexico and the southeastern and southwestern coasts are regions of high dependence between flooding drivers. Dependence is higher during the tropical season in the Gulf and at some locations on the East Coast but higher during the extratropical season on the West Coast. The analysis gives new insights on locations, driver combinations, and the time of the year when compound flooding is likely.
Víctor M. Santos, Mercè Casas-Prat, Benjamin Poschlod, Elisa Ragno, Bart van den Hurk, Zengchao Hao, Tímea Kalmár, Lianhua Zhu, and Husain Najafi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3595–3615, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3595-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present an application of multivariate statistical models to assess compound flooding events in a managed reservoir. Data (from a previous study) were obtained from a physical-based hydrological model driven by a regional climate model large ensemble, providing a time series expanding up to 800 years in length that ensures stable statistics. The length of the data set allows for a sensitivity assessment of the proposed statistical framework to natural climate variability.
Wenyan Wu, Seth Westra, and Michael Leonard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2821–2841, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2821-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2821-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Flood probability estimation is important for applications such as land use planning, reservoir operation, infrastructure design and safety assessments. However, it is a challenging task, especially in estuarine areas where floods are caused by both intense rainfall and storm surge. This study provides a review of approaches to flood probability estimation in these areas. Based on analysis of a real-world river system, guidance on method selection is provided.
Angelo Breda, Patricia M. Saco, Steven G. Sandi, Neil Saintilan, Gerardo Riccardi, and José F. Rodríguez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 769–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-769-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-769-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We study accretion, retreat and transgression of mangrove and saltmarsh wetlands affected by sea-level rise (SLR) using simulations on typical configurations with different levels of tidal obstruction. Interactions and feedbacks between flow, sediment deposition, vegetation migration and soil accretion result in wetlands not surviving the predicted high-emission scenario SLR, despite dramatic increases in sediment supply. Previous simplified models overpredict wetland resilience to SLR.
Peisheng Huang, Karl Hennig, Jatin Kala, Julia Andrys, and Matthew R. Hipsey
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5673–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5673-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5673-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our results conclude that the climate change in the past decades has a remarkable effect on the hydrology of a large shallow lagoon with the same magnitude as that caused by the opening of an artificial channel, and it also highlighted the complexity of their interactions. We suggested that the consideration of the projected drying trend is essential in designing management plans associated with planning for environmental water provision and setting water quality loading targets.
Jianrong Zhu, Xinyue Cheng, Linjiang Li, Hui Wu, Jinghua Gu, and Hanghang Lyu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5043–5056, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5043-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5043-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An extremely severe saltwater intrusion event occurred in February 2014 in the Changjiang estuary and seriously influenced the water intake of the reservoir. For the event cause and for freshwater safety, the dynamic mechanism was studied with observed data and a numerical model. The results indicated that this event was caused by a persistent and strong northerly wind, which formed a horizontal estuarine circulation, surpassed seaward runoff and drove highly saline water into the estuary.
Huayang Cai, Ping Zhang, Erwan Garel, Pascal Matte, Shuai Hu, Feng Liu, and Qingshu Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1871–1889, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1871-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1871-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the morphological changes in estuaries due to natural processes and human interventions is especially important with regard to sustainable water management and ecological impacts on the estuarine environment. In this contribution, we explore the morphological evolution in tide-dominated estuaries by means of a novel analytical approach using the observed water levels along the channel. The method could serve as a useful tool to understand the evolution of estuarine morphology.
Huayang Cai, Hubert H. G. Savenije, Erwan Garel, Xianyi Zhang, Leicheng Guo, Min Zhang, Feng Liu, and Qingshu Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2779–2794, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2779-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2779-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Tide–river dynamics play an essential role in large-scale river deltas as they exert a tremendous impact on delta morphodynamics, salt intrusion and deltaic ecosystems. For the first time, we illustrate that there is a critical river discharge, beyond which tidal damping is reduced with increasing river discharge, and we explore the underlying mechanism using an analytical model. The results are useful for guiding sustainable water management and sediment transport in tidal rivers.
Pedro D. Barrera Crespo, Erik Mosselman, Alessio Giardino, Anke Becker, Willem Ottevanger, Mohamed Nabi, and Mijail Arias-Hidalgo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2763–2778, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2763-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2763-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Guayaquil, the commercial capital of Ecuador, is located along the Guayas River. The city is among the most vulnerable cities to future flooding ascribed to climate change. Fluvial sedimentation is seen as one of the factors contributing to flooding. This paper describes the dominant processes in the river and the effects of past interventions in the overall sediment budget. This is essential to plan and design effective mitigation measures to face the latent risk that threatens Guayaquil.
Emanuele Bevacqua, Douglas Maraun, Ingrid Hobæk Haff, Martin Widmann, and Mathieu Vrac
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2701–2723, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2701-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2701-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a conceptual model to quantify the risk of compound events (CEs), i.e. extreme impacts to society which are driven by statistically dependent climatic variables. Based on this model we study compound floods, i.e. joint storm surge and high river level, in Ravenna (Italy). The model includes meteorological predictors which (1) provide insight into the physical processes underlying CEs, as well as into the temporal variability, and (2) allow us to statistically downscale CEs.
Soufiane Haddout, Mohammed Igouzal, and Abdellatif Maslouhi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3923–3945, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3923-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3923-2016, 2016
Chiara Volta, Goulven Gildas Laruelle, Sandra Arndt, and Pierre Regnier
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 991–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-991-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-991-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A generic estuarine model is applied to three idealized tidal estuaries representing the main hydro-geometrical estuarine classes. The study provides insight into the estuarine biogeochemical dynamics, in particular the air-water CO2/sub> flux, as well as the potential response to future environmental changes and to uncertainties in model parameter values. We believe that our approach could help improving upscaling strategies to better integrate estuaries in regional/global biogeochemical studies.
M. Webber, M. T. Li, J. Chen, B. Finlayson, D. Chen, Z. Y. Chen, M. Wang, and J. Barnett
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4411–4425, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4411-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4411-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper demonstrates a method for calculating the probability of long-duration salt intrusions in the Yangtze Estuary and examines the impact of the Three Gorges Dam, the South-North Water Transfer Project and local abstractions on that probability. The relationship between river discharge and the intensity and duration of saline intrusions is shown to be probabilistic and continuous. That probability has more than doubled under the normal operating rules for those projects.
F. M. Achete, M. van der Wegen, D. Roelvink, and B. Jaffe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2837–2857, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2837-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2837-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) levels are important indicator for the ecology of estuaries. Observations of SSC are difficult to make, therefore we revert to coupled 2-D hydrodynamic-sediment process-based transport models to make predictions in time (seasonal and yearly) and space (meters to kilometers). This paper presents calibration/validation of SSC for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and translates SSC to turbidity in order to couple with ecology models.
J. I. A. Gisen, H. H. G. Savenije, and R. C. Nijzink
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2791–2803, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2791-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2791-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We revised the predictive equations for two calibrated parameters in salt intrusion model (the Van der Burgh coefficient K and dispersion coefficient D) using an extended database of 89 salinity profiles including 8 newly conducted salinity measurements. The revised predictive equations consist of easily measured parameters such as the geometry of estuary, tide, friction and the Richardson number. These equations are useful in obtaining the first estimate of salinity distribution in an estuary.
V. D. Vinh, S. Ouillon, T. D. Thanh, and L. V. Chu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3987–4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3987-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3987-2014, 2014
N. V. Manh, N. V. Dung, N. N. Hung, B. Merz, and H. Apel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3033–3053, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3033-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3033-2014, 2014
L. C. Bruce, P. L. M. Cook, I. Teakle, and M. R. Hipsey
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1397–1411, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1397-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1397-2014, 2014
C. Ferrarin, M. Ghezzo, G. Umgiesser, D. Tagliapietra, E. Camatti, L. Zaggia, and A. Sarretta
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1733–1748, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1733-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1733-2013, 2013
T. Sun, J. Xu, and Z. F. Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 751–760, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-751-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-751-2013, 2013
M. Faneca Sànchez, J. L. Gunnink, E. S. van Baaren, G. H. P. Oude Essink, B. Siemon, E. Auken, W. Elderhorst, and P. G. B. de Louw
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4499–4516, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4499-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4499-2012, 2012
E. F. Zhang, H. H. G. Savenije, S. L. Chen, and X. H. Mao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3327–3339, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3327-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3327-2012, 2012
A. van Buuren, L. Gerrits, and G. R. Teisman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2243–2257, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2243-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2243-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Bauer, J. E., Cai, W.-J., Raymond, P. A., Bianchi, T. S., Hopkinson, C. S.,
and Regnier, P. A. G.: The changing carbon cycle of the coastal ocean,
Nature, 504, 61–70, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12857, 2013.
Blumberg, A. F.: A primer for ECOMSED user manual [version 1.3],
technical report, HydroQual, Mahwah, N. J., 2002.
Blumberg, A. F. and Mellor, G. L.: A Description of a Three-Dimensional
Coastal Ocean Circulation Model, in: Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models,
American Geophysical Union (AGU), 4, 1–16,
1987.
Brady, E., Stevenson, S., Bailey, D., Liu, Z., Noone, D., Nusbaumer, J.,
Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Tabor, C., Tomas, R., Wong, T., Zhang, J., and Zhu,
J.: The Connected Isotopic Water Cycle in the Community Earth System Model
Version 1, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 11, 2547–2566,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001663, 2019.
Clark, M. P., Fan, Y., Lawrence, D. M., Adam, J. C., Bolster, D., Gochis, D.
J., Hooper, R. P., Kumar, M., Leung, L. R., Mackay, D. S., Maxwell, R. M.,
Shen, C., Swenson, S. C., and Zeng, X.: Improving the representation of
hydrologic processes in Earth System Models, Water Resour. Res., 51,
5929–5956, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017096, 2015.
Deleersnijder, E., Campin, J.-M., and Delhez, E. J. M.: The concept of age
in marine modelling: I. Theory and preliminary model results, J. Marine Syst.,
28, 229–267, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00026-4, 2001.
Ding, X., Guo, X., Zhang, C., Yao, X., Liu, S., Shi, J., Luo, C., Yu, X.,
Yu, Y., and Gao, H.: Water conservancy project on the Yellow River modifies
the seasonal variation of Chlorophyll-a in the Bohai Sea, Chemosphere, 254,
126846, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126846, 2020.
Dittmar, T. and Kattner, G.: The biogeochemistry of the river and shelf
ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean: a review, Mar. Chem., 83, 103–120,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(03)00105-1, 2003.
Dufresne, J.-L., Foujols, M.-A., Denvil, S., Caubel, A., Marti, O., Aumont,
O., Balkanski, Y., Bekki, S., Bellenger, H., Benshila, R., Bony, S., Bopp,
L., Braconnot, P., Brockmann, P., Cadule, P., Cheruy, F., Codron, F., Cozic,
A., Cugnet, D., de Noblet, N., Duvel, J.-P., Ethé, C., Fairhead, L.,
Fichefet, T., Flavoni, S., Friedlingstein, P., Grandpeix, J.-Y., Guez, L.,
Guilyardi, E., Hauglustaine, D., Hourdin, F., Idelkadi, A., Ghattas, J.,
Joussaume, S., Kageyama, M., Krinner, G., Labetoulle, S., Lahellec, A.,
Lefebvre, M.-P., Lefevre, F., Levy, C., Li, Z. X., Lloyd, J., Lott, F.,
Madec, G., Mancip, M., Marchand, M., Masson, S., Meurdesoif, Y., Mignot, J.,
Musat, I., Parouty, S., Polcher, J., Rio, C., Schulz, M., Swingedouw, D.,
Szopa, S., Talandier, C., Terray, P., Viovy, N., and Vuichard, N.: Climate
change projections using the IPSL-CM5 Earth System Model: from CMIP3 to
CMIP5, Clim. Dynam., 40, 2123–2165, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1636-1,
2013.
Dunne, J. P., Sarmiento, J. L., and Gnanadesikan, A.: A synthesis of global
particle export from the surface ocean and cycling through the ocean
interior and on the seafloor, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB4006,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002907, 2007.
Feng, Y., Menemenlis, D., Xue, H., Zhang, H., Carroll, D., Du, Y., and Wu, H.: Improved representation of river runoff in Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Version 4 (ECCOv4) simulations: implementation, evaluation, and impacts to coastal plume regions, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1801–1819, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1801-2021, 2021.
Geyer, W. R. and Signell, R. P.: A Reassessment of the Role of Tidal
Dispersion in Estuaries and Bays, Estuaries, 15, 97–108,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1352684, 1992.
Gong, G.-C., Liu, K.-K., Chiang, K.-P., Hsiung, T.-M., Chang, J., Chen,
C.-C., Hung, C.-C., Chou, W.-C., Chung, C.-C., Chen, H.-Y., Shiah, F.-K.,
Tsai, A.-Y., Hsieh, C., Shiao, J.-C., Tseng, C.-M., Hsu, S.-C., Lee, H.-J.,
Lee, M.-A., Lin, I.-I., and Tsai, F.: Yangtze River floods enhance coastal
ocean phytoplankton biomass and potential fish production, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
38, L13603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047519, 2011.
Graham, J. A., Rosser, J. P., O'Dea, E., and Hewitt, H. T.: Resolving Shelf
Break Exchange Around the European Northwest Shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45,
12386–12395, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079399, 2018.
Guo, X. and Valle-Levinson, A.: Tidal effects on estuarine circulation and
outflow plume in the Chesapeake Bay, Cont. Shelf. Res., 27, 20–42,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.08.009, 2007.
Guo, X., Hukuda, H., Miyazawa, Y., and Yamagata, T.: A Triply Nested Ocean
Model for Simulating the Kuroshio – Roles of Horizontal Resolution on JEBAR,
J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 146–169,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<0146:ATNOMF>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Holt, J., Hyder, P., Ashworth, M., Harle, J., Hewitt, H. T., Liu, H., New, A. L., Pickles, S., Porter, A., Popova, E., Allen, J. I., Siddorn, J., and Wood, R.: Prospects for improving the representation of coastal and shelf seas in global ocean models, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 499–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-499-2017, 2017.
Hopkinson, C. S. and Vallino, J. J.: Efficient export of carbon to the deep
ocean through dissolved organic matter, Nature, 433, 142–145,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03191, 2005.
Hsueh, Y. and Yuan, D.: A Numerical Study of Currents, Heat Advection, and
Sea-Level Fluctuations in the Yellow Sea in Winter 1986, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
27, 2313–2326, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<2313:ANSOCH>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Isobe, A.: Recent advances in ocean-circulation research on the Yellow Sea
and East China Sea shelves, J. Oceanogr., 64, 569–584,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-008-0048-7, 2008.
Kantha, L. H.: A general ecosystem model for applications to primary
productivity and carbon cycle studies in the global oceans, Ocean Model., 6,
285–334, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1463-5003(03)00022-2, 2004.
Laruelle, G. G., Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Gruber, N., Mackenzie, F. T., and
Regnier, P.: Continental shelves as a variable but increasing global sink
for atmospheric carbon dioxide, Nat. Commun., 9, 454,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02738-z, 2018.
Lee, H.-C., Rosati, A., and Spelman, M. J.: Barotropic tidal mixing effects
in a coupled climate model: Oceanic conditions in the Northern Atlantic,
Ocean Model., 11, 464–477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.03.003,
2006.
Lee, H. J., Jung, K. T., Foreman, M. G. G., and Chung, J. Y.: A
three-dimensional mixed finite-difference Galerkin function model for the
oceanic circulation in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, Cont. Shelf
Res., 20, 863–895, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00005-4, 2000.
Lie, H.-J. and Cho, C.-H.: Seasonal circulation patterns of the Yellow and
East China Seas derived from satellite-tracked drifter trajectories and
hydrographic observations, Prog. Oceanogr., 146, 121–141,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2016.06.004, 2016.
Lin, L. and Liu, Z.: Partial residence times: determining residence time
composition in different subregions, Ocean Dynam., 69, 1023–1036,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-019-01298-8, 2019a.
Lin, L. and Liu, Z.: TVDal: Total variation diminishing scheme with
alternating limiters to balance numerical compression and diffusion, Ocean
Model., 134, 42–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2019.01.002, 2019b.
Lin, L., Wang, Y., and Liu, D.: Vertical average irradiance shapes the
spatial pattern of winter chlorophyll-a in the Yellow Sea, Estuar. Coast.
Shelf S., 224, 11–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.04.042, 2019.
Lin, L., Liu, D., Guo, X., Luo, C., and Cheng, Y.: Tidal Effect on Water
Export Rate in the Eastern Shelf Seas of China, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125,
e2019JC015863, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015863, 2020.
Lin, X. and Yang, J.: An asymmetric upwind flow, Yellow Sea Warm Current: 2.
Arrested topographic waves in response to the northwesterly wind, J.
Geophys. Res., 116, C04027, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006514, 2011.
Liu, K.-K., Atkinson, L., Quiñones, R., and Talaue-McManus, L. (Eds.): Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins : A Global Synthesis, 1st ed., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 744 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92735-8?nosfx=y, 2010.
Liu, Z., Wang, H., Guo, X., Wang, Q., and Gao, H.: The age of Yellow River
water in the Bohai Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117, 317–323,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008263, 2012.
Liu, Z., Lin, L., Xie, L., and Gao, H.: Partially implicit finite difference
scheme for calculating dynamic pressure in a terrain-following coordinate
non-hydrostatic ocean model, Ocean Model., 106, 44–57,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.09.004, 2016.
Luneva, M. V., Aksenov, Y., Harle, J. D., and Holt, J. T.: The effects of
tides on the water mass mixing and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 120, 6669–6699, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010310, 2015.
Mackenzie, F. T., Ver, L. M., and Lerman, A.: Century-scale nitrogen and
phosphorus controls of the carbon cycle, Chem. Geol., 190, 13–32,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00108-0, 2002.
Millero, F. J., Lee, K., and Roche, M.: Distribution of alkalinity in the
surface waters of the major oceans, Mar. Chem., 60, 111–130,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(97)00084-4, 1998.
Moon, I.-J.: Impact of a coupled ocean wave–tide–circulation system on
coastal modeling, Ocean Model., 8, 203–236,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.02.001, 2005.
Moon, J. H., Hirose, N., and Yoon, J. H.: Comparison of wind and tidal
contributions to seasonal circulation of the Yellow Sea, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 114, C08016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005314, 2009.
Müller, M., Haak, H., Jungclaus, J. H., Sündermann, J., and Thomas,
M.: The effect of ocean tides on a climate model simulation, Ocean Model.,
35, 304–313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.09.001, 2010.
Oki, T., Musiake, K., Matsuyama, H., and Masuda, K.: Global atmospheric
water balance and runoff from large river basins, Hydrol. Process., 9,
655–678, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360090513, 1995.
Oki, T., Entekhabi, D., and Harrold, T. I.: The Global Water Cycle, in: The State of the Planet: Frontiers and Challenges in Geophysics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 150, 225–237, https://doi.org/10.1029/150GM18, 2004
Palma, E. D., Matano, R. P., and Piola, A. R.: A numerical study of the
Southwestern Atlantic Shelf circulation: Barotropic response to tidal and
wind forcing, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 109, C08014,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002315, 2004.
Schlünz, B. and Schneider, R.: Transport of terrestrial organic carbon
to the oceans by rivers: Re-estimating flux- and burial rates, Int. J. Earth
Sci., 88, 599–606, https://doi.org/10.1007/s005310050290, 2000.
Tang, Q., Huang, X., Lin, L., Xiong, W., Wang, D., Wang, M., and Huang, X.:
MERF v3.0, a highly computationally efficient non-hydrostatic ocean model
with implicit parallelism: Algorithms and validation experiments, Ocean Model., 167, 101877, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2021.101877, 2021.
Thomas, H.: Enhanced Open Ocean Storage of CO2 from Shelf Sea Pumping,
Science, 304, 1005–1008, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095491, 2004.
Voldoire, A., Sanchez-Gomez, E., Salas Y Mélia, D., Decharme, B.,
Cassou, C., Sénési, S., Valcke, S., Beau, I., Alias, A., Chevallier,
M., Déqué, M., Deshayes, J., Douville, H., Fernandez, E., Madec, G.,
Maisonnave, E., Moine, M. P., Planton, S., Saint-Martin, D., Szopa, S.,
Tyteca, S., Alkama, R., Belamari, S., Braun, A., Coquart, L., and Chauvin,
F.: The CNRM-CM5.1 global climate model: description and basic evaluation,
Clim. Dynam., 40, 2091–2121, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1259-y, 2013.
Wang, Q.: Enhanced cross-shelf exchange by tides in the western Ross Sea.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5587–5591, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058258, 2013.
Wang, Q., Guo, X., and Takeoka, H.: Seasonal variations of the Yellow River
plume in the Bohai Sea: A model study, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 113, C08046,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004555, 2008.
Wang, Y., Guo, X., Zhao, L., and Zhang, J.: Seasonal variations in nutrients
and biogenic particles in the upper and lower layers of East China Sea Shelf
and their export to adjacent seas, Prog. Oceanogr., 176, 102138,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102138, 2019.
Winkelbauer, S., Mayer, M., Seitner, V., Zsoter, E., Zuo, H., and Haimberger, L.: Diagnostic evaluation of river discharge into the Arctic Ocean and its impact on oceanic volume transports, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 279–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-279-2022, 2022.
Wu, H., Zhu, J., Shen, J., and Wang, H.: Tidal modulation on the Changjiang
River plume in summer, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C08017,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007209, 2011.
Wu, H., Shen, J., Zhu, J., Zhang, J., and Li, L.: Characteristics of the
Changjiang plume and its extension along the Jiangsu Coast, Cont. Shelf. Res.,
76, 108–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2014.01.007, 2014.
Wu, H., Gu, J., and Zhu, P.: Winter Counter-Wind Transport in the Inner
Southwestern Yellow Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 123, 411–436,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013403, 2018.
Wu, T. and Wu, H.: Tidal Mixing Sustains a Bottom-Trapped River Plume and
Buoyant Coastal Current on an Energetic Continental Shelf, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 123, 8026–8051, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014105, 2018.
Yang, F., Wei, Q., Chen, H., and Yao, Q.: Long-term variations and influence
factors of nutrients in the western North Yellow Sea, China, Mar. Pollut.
Bull., 135, 1026–1034, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.034,
2018.
Yu, X., Guo, X., and Gao, H.: Detachment of Low-Salinity Water From the
Yellow River Plume in Summer, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2020JC016344,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016344, 2020.
Yu, X., Guo, X., Gao, H., and Zou, T.: Upstream Extension of a
Bottom-Advected Plume and Its Mechanism: The Case of the Yellow River, J.
Phys. Oceanogr., 51, 2351–2371, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-20-0235.1,
2021.
Zhang, J., Guo, X., and Zhao, L.: Tracing external sources of nutrients in
the East China Sea and evaluating their contributions to primary production,
Prog. Oceanogr., 176, 102122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102122,
2019.
Zhang, J., Guo, X., and Zhao, L.: Budget of riverine nitrogen over the East
China Sea shelf, Environ. Pollut., 289, 117915,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117915, 2021.
Zhang, S. W., Wang, Q. Y., Lü, Y., Cui, H., and Yuan, Y. L.: Observation
of the seasonal evolution of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass in 1996–1998,
Cont Shelf Res., 28, 442–457, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.10.002,
2008.
Zhao, L. and Guo, X.: Influence of cross-shelf water transport on nutrients and phytoplankton in the East China Sea: a model study, Ocean Sci., 7, 27–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-27-2011, 2011.
Zhu, J., Shi, J., Guo, X., Gao, H., and Yao, X.: Air-sea heat flux control
on the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass intensity and implications for its
prediction, Cont. Shelf. Res., 152, 14–26,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.10.006, 2018.
Short summary
Earth system (climate) model is an important instrument for projecting the global water cycle and climate change, in which tides are commonly excluded due to the much small timescales compared to the climate. However, we found that tides significantly impact the river water transport pathways, transport timescales, and concentrations in shelf seas. Thus, the tidal effect should be carefully considered in earth system models to accurately project the global water and biogeochemical cycle.
Earth system (climate) model is an important instrument for projecting the global water cycle...
