Articles | Volume 26, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3989-2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3989-2022
Research article
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04 Aug 2022
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 04 Aug 2022

Bedrock depth influences spatial patterns of summer baseflow, temperature and flow disconnection for mountainous headwater streams

Martin A. Briggs, Phillip Goodling, Zachary C. Johnson, Karli M. Rogers, Nathaniel P. Hitt, Jennifer B. Fair, and Craig D. Snyder

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Cited articles

Barlow, P. M., Cunningham, W. L., Zhai, T., and Gray, M.: U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Toolbox, a graphical and mapping interface for analysis of hydrologic data (version 1.0): User guide for estimation of base flow, runoff, and groundwater recharge from streamflow data, US Geological Survey Techniques B.3, B10, 27, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm3B10, 2014. 
Briggs, M. A., Lane, J. W., Snyder, C. D., White, E. A., Johnson, Z. C., Nelms, D. L., and Hitt, N. P.: Seismic data for study of shallow mountain bedrock limits seepage-based headwater climate refugia, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, US Geological Survey data release [data set], https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JW8C04, 2017. 
Briggs, M. A., Johnson, Z. C., Snyder, C. D., Hitt, N. P., Kurylyk, B. L., Lautz, L., Irvine, D. J., Hurley, S. T., and Lane, J. W.: Inferring watershed hydraulics and cold-water habitat persistence using multi-year air and stream temperature signals, Sci. Total Environ., 636, 1117–1127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.344, 2018a. 
Briggs, M. A., Lane, J. W., Snyder, C. D., White, E. A., Johnson, Z. C., Nelms, D. L., and Hitt, N. P.: Shallow bedrock limits groundwater seepage-based headwater climate refugia, Limnologica, 68, 142–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2017.02.005, 2018b.  
Bundschuh, J.: Modeling annual variations of spring and groundwater temperatures associated with shallow aquifer systems Computer model, J. Hydraul. Eng., 142, 427–444, 1993. 
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Executive editor
As also stated by both reviewers, this work is important and timely. It combines data from several sources to highlight the role of fine-scale hydrogeological features on hydrological processes. As nicely stated by reviewer 2: “The work addresses important questions regarding the description of connectivity and interaction between groundwater and surface water in mountainous catchments. The authors develop in their paper an interesting vision at the interfaces between geomorphology, hydrology and hydroecology (principally fish habitats)
Short summary
The geologic structure of mountain watersheds may control how groundwater and streamwater exchange, influencing where streams dry. We measured bedrock depth at 191 locations along eight headwater streams paired with stream temperature records, baseflow separation and observations of channel dewatering. The data indicated a prevalence of shallow bedrock generally less than 3 m depth, and local variation in that depth can drive stream dewatering but also influence stream baseflow supply.
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