Articles | Volume 25, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Jan 2021
Research article |
| 05 Jan 2021
| 05 Jan 2021
Drivers of nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in a groundwater-fed urban catchment revealed by high-frequency monitoring
Liang Yu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, 1181 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Waternet Water Authority, 1096 AC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Joachim C. Rozemeijer
Deltares, 3508 TC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Hans Peter Broers
TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the
Netherlands
Boris M. van Breukelen
Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and
Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft,
the Netherlands
Jack J. Middelburg
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80 021, 3508 TA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Maarten Ouboter
Waternet Water Authority, 1096 AC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Ype van der Velde
Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, 1181 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Related authors
Liang Yu, Joachim Rozemeijer, Boris M. van Breukelen, Maarten Ouboter, Corné van der Vlugt, and Hans Peter Broers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 487–508, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-487-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-487-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The study shows the importance of the connection between groundwater and surface water nutrient chemistry in a lowland delta area – the greater Amsterdam area. We expect that taking account of groundwater–surface water interaction is also important in other subsiding and urbanising deltas around the world, where water is managed intensively in order to enable agricultural productivity and achieve water-sustainable cities.
Ralf C. H. Aben, Daniel van de Craats, Jim Boonman, Stijn H. Peeters, Bart Vriend, Coline C. F. Boonman, Ype van der Velde, Gilles Erkens, and Merit van den Berg
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-403, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-403, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands cause high CO2 emissions. Raising the groundwater table can lower emissions. We used automated flux chamber measurements on 12 sites for up to 4 years and found a linear association between annual water table depth and CO2 emission. We also found that the average amount of carbon above the water table better predicted annual CO2 emission than water table depth and that water infiltration systems—used to effectively raise the water table—can be used to mitigate CO2 emissions.
Merit van den Berg, Thomas Gremmen, Renske J. E. Vroom, Jacobus van Huissteden, Jim Boonman, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Ype van der Velde, Alfons J. P. Smolders, and Bas P. van de Riet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2826, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2826, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands emit 3 % of the global greenhouse gas emission. Paludiculture is a way to reduce CO2 emissions while at the same time generating an income for landowners. The side effect is the potentially high methane emission. We found very high methane emission for broadleaf cattail, compared to narrowleaf cattail and water fern. The rewetting was, however, effective to stop CO2 emission for all species. The highest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emission had narrowleaf cattail.
Tanya J. R. Lippmann, Ype van der Velde, Monique M. P. D. Heijmans, Han Dolman, Dimmie M. D. Hendriks, and Ko van Huissteden
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6773–6804, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6773-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6773-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation is a critical component of carbon storage in peatlands but an often-overlooked concept in many peatland models. We developed a new model capable of simulating the response of vegetation to changing environments and management regimes. We evaluated the model against observed chamber data collected at two peatland sites. We found that daily air temperature, water level, harvest frequency and height, and vegetation composition drive methane and carbon dioxide emissions.
Alexa Marion Hinzman, Ylva Sjöberg, Steve W. Lyon, Wouter R. Berghuijs, and Ype van der Velde
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2391, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2391, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
An Arctic catchment with permafrost responds in a linear fashion: water in=water out. As permafrost thaws, 9 of 10 nested catchments become more non-linear over time. We find upstream catchments have stronger streamflow seasonality and exhibit the most nonlinear storage-discharge relationships. Downstream catchments have the greatest increases in non-linearity over time. These long-term shifts in the storage-discharge relationship are not typically seen in current hydrological models.
Cindy Quik, Ype van der Velde, Jasper H. J. Candel, Luc Steinbuch, Roy van Beek, and Jakob Wallinga
Biogeosciences, 20, 695–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In NW Europe only parts of former peatlands remain. When these peatlands formed is not well known but relevant for questions on landscape, climate and archaeology. We investigated the age of Fochteloërveen, using radiocarbon dating and modelling. Results show that peat initiated at several sites 11 000–7000 years ago and expanded rapidly 5000 years ago. Our approach may ultimately be applied to model peat ages outside current remnants and provide a view of these lost landscapes.
Jim Boonman, Mariet M. Hefting, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Merit van den Berg, Jacobus (Ko) van Huissteden, Gilles Erkens, Roel Melman, and Ype van der Velde
Biogeosciences, 19, 5707–5727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5707-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5707-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Draining peat causes high CO2 emissions, and rewetting could potentially help solve this problem. In the dry year 2020 we measured that subsurface irrigation reduced CO2 emissions by 28 % and 83 % on two research sites. We modelled a peat parcel and found that the reduction depends on seepage and weather conditions and increases when using pressurized irrigation or maintaining high ditchwater levels. We found that soil temperature and moisture are suitable as indicators of peat CO2 emissions.
Tanya Juliette Rebecca Lippmann, Monique Heijmans, Han Dolman, Ype van der Velde, Dimmie Hendriks, and Ko van Huissteden
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-143, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-143, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
To assess the impact of vegetation on GHG fluxes in peatlands, we developed a new model, Peatland-VU-NUCOM (PVN). These results showed that plant communities impact GHG emissions, indicating that plant community re-establishment is a critical component of peatland restoration. This is the first time that a peatland emissions model investigated the role of re-introducing peat forming vegetation on GHG emissions.
Olivier Sulpis, Matthew P. Humphreys, Monica M. Wilhelmus, Dustin Carroll, William M. Berelson, Dimitris Menemenlis, Jack J. Middelburg, and Jess F. Adkins
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2105–2131, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2105-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2105-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A quarter of the surface of the Earth is covered by marine sediments rich in calcium carbonates, and their dissolution acts as a giant antacid tablet protecting the ocean against human-made acidification caused by massive CO2 emissions. Here, we present a new model of sediment chemistry that incorporates the latest experimental findings on calcium carbonate dissolution kinetics. This model can be used to predict how marine sediments evolve through time in response to environmental perturbations.
Yousef Albuhaisi, Ype van der Velde, and Sander Houweling
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-55, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-55, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
An important uncertainty in the modelling of methane emissions from natural wetlands is the wetland area. It is important to get the spatiotemporal covariance between the variables that drive methane emissions right for accurate quantification. Using high-resolution wetland and soil carbon maps, in combination with a simplified methane emission model that is coarsened in six steps from 0.005° to 1°, we find a strong relation between wetland emissions and the model resolution.
Gerrit Müller, Jack J. Middelburg, and Appy Sluijs
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3565–3575, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3565-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers are major freshwater resources, connectors and transporters on Earth. As the composition of river waters and particles results from processes in their catchment, such as erosion, weathering, environmental pollution, nutrient and carbon cycling, Earth-spanning databases of river composition are needed for studies of these processes on a global scale. While extensive resources on water and nutrient composition exist, we provide a database of river particle composition.
Thomas Janssen, Ype van der Velde, Florian Hofhansl, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Kim Naudts, Bart Driessen, Katrin Fleischer, and Han Dolman
Biogeosciences, 18, 4445–4472, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4445-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4445-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite images show that the Amazon forest has greened up during past droughts. Measurements of tree stem growth and leaf litterfall upscaled using machine-learning algorithms show that leaf flushing at the onset of a drought results in canopy rejuvenation and green-up during drought while simultaneously trees excessively shed older leaves and tree stem growth declines. Canopy green-up during drought therefore does not necessarily point to enhanced tree growth and improved forest health.
Vince P. Kaandorp, Hans Peter Broers, Ype van der Velde, Joachim Rozemeijer, and Perry G. B. de Louw
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3691–3711, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3691-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3691-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed historical and present-day tritium, chloride, and nitrate concentrations in stream water of a catchment using
land-use-based input curves and calculated travel times of groundwater. Parameters such as the unsaturated zone thickness, mean travel time, and input patterns determine time lags between inputs and in-stream concentrations. The timescale of the breakthrough of pollutants in streams is dependent on the location of pollution in a catchment.
Anne Roepert, Lubos Polerecky, Esmee Geerken, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 17, 4727–4743, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4727-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4727-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated, for the first time, the spatial distribution of chlorine and fluorine in the shell walls of four benthic foraminifera species: Ammonia tepida, Amphistegina lessonii, Archaias angulatus, and Sorites marginalis. Cross sections of specimens were imaged using nanoSIMS. The distribution of Cl and F was co-located with organics in the rotaliids and rather homogeneously distributed in miliolids. We suggest that the incorporation is governed by the biomineralization pathway.
Jingjing Guo, Miriam Glendell, Jeroen Meersmans, Frédérique Kirkels, Jack J. Middelburg, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 17, 3183–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The fluxes of soil organic carbon (OC) transport from land to sea are poorly constrained, mostly due to the lack of a specific tracer for soil OC. Here we evaluate the use of specific molecules derived from soil bacteria as a tracer for soil OC in a small river catchment. We find that the initial soil signal is lost upon entering the aquatic environment. However, the local environmental history of the catchment is reflected by these molecules in the lake sediments that act as their sink.
Wim Joost van Hoek, Lauriane Vilmin, Arthur H. W. Beusen, José M. Mogollón, Xiaochen Liu, Joep J. Langeveld, Alexander F. Bouwman, and Jack J. Middelburg
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-205, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-205, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present CARBON-DISC 1.0. It couples the global water balance model PCR-GLOBWB with global carbon inputs from the Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment (IMAGE) at a 0.5° resolution and calculates gridcell-to-gridcell transport, C transformations, C emissions, C burial and primary production on a monthly timestep and without calibration.
Joep Langeveld, Alexander F. Bouwman, Wim Joost van Hoek, Lauriane Vilmin, Arthur H. W. Beusen, José M. Mogollón, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-238, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We compiled a global database on annual average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in soil solutions. We use this database to construct the first global models and maps on DOC in soil pore water. Highest concentrations in shallow soils occur in forests of cooler, humid zones. Highest concentrations in deeper soils are calculated for Histosols. Our research enables a spatially explicit first estimation of dissolved carbon in soil solution on the global scale.
Nicole M. J. Geerlings, Eva-Maria Zetsche, Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez, Jack J. Middelburg, and Filip J. R. Meysman
Biogeosciences, 16, 811–829, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-811-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-811-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Multicellular cable bacteria form long filaments that can reach lengths of several centimeters. They affect the chemistry and mineralogy of their surroundings and vice versa. How the surroundings affect the cable bacteria is investigated. They show three different types of biomineral formation: (1) a polymer containing phosphorus in their cells, (2) a sheath of clay surrounding the surface of the filament and (3) the encrustation of a filament via a solid phase containing iron and phosphorus.
Ilja J. Kocken, Margot J. Cramwinckel, Richard E. Zeebe, Jack J. Middelburg, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 15, 91–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-91-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-91-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Marine organic carbon burial could link the 405 thousand year eccentricity cycle in the long-term carbon cycle to that observed in climate records. Here, we simulate the response of the carbon cycle to astronomical forcing. We find a strong 2.4 million year cycle in the model output, which is present as an amplitude modulator of the 405 and 100 thousand year eccentricity cycles in a newly assembled composite record.
Joachim Rozemeijer, Janneke Klein, Dimmie Hendriks, Wiebe Borren, Maarten Ouboter, and Winnie Rip
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-636, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-636, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In lowland deltas surface water levels are often tightly controlled by inlet of diverted river water during dry periods and discharge via large-scale pumping stations during wet periods. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of changing the water level management from a fixed level to a flexible regime for 10 study catchments in The Netherlands. Water quality risks appeared and our methods could prevent such effects in the growing number of regulated catchments worldwide.
Fernando Jaramillo, Neil Cory, Berit Arheimer, Hjalmar Laudon, Ype van der Velde, Thomas B. Hasper, Claudia Teutschbein, and Johan Uddling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 567–580, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-567-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-567-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Which is the dominant effect on evapotranspiration in northern forests, an increase by recent forests expansion or a decrease by the water use response due to increasing CO2 concentrations? We determined the dominant effect during the period 1961–2012 in 65 Swedish basins. We used the Budyko framework to study the hydroclimatic movements in Budyko space. Our findings suggest that forest expansion is the dominant driver of long-term and large-scale evapotranspiration changes.
Liang Yu, Joachim Rozemeijer, Boris M. van Breukelen, Maarten Ouboter, Corné van der Vlugt, and Hans Peter Broers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 487–508, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-487-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-487-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The study shows the importance of the connection between groundwater and surface water nutrient chemistry in a lowland delta area – the greater Amsterdam area. We expect that taking account of groundwater–surface water interaction is also important in other subsiding and urbanising deltas around the world, where water is managed intensively in order to enable agricultural productivity and achieve water-sustainable cities.
Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 15, 413–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon processing at the seafloor is studied by geologists to better understand the sedimentary record, by biogeochemists to quantify burial and respiration, by organic geochemists to elucidate compositional changes, and by ecologists to follow carbon transfers within food webs. These disciplinary approaches have their strengths and weaknesses. This award talk provides a synthesis, highlights the role of animals in sediment carbon processing and presents some new concepts.
Joost Frieling, Gert-Jan Reichart, Jack J. Middelburg, Ursula Röhl, Thomas Westerhold, Steven M. Bohaty, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 14, 39–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-39-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-39-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Past periods of rapid global warming such as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum are used to study biotic response to climate change. We show that very high peak PETM temperatures in the tropical Atlantic (~ 37 ºC) caused heat stress in several marine plankton groups. However, only slightly cooler temperatures afterwards allowed highly diverse plankton communities to bloom. This shows that tropical plankton communities may be susceptible to extreme warming, but may also recover rapidly.
Stefanie R. Lutz, Ype van der Velde, Omniea F. Elsayed, Gwenaël Imfeld, Marie Lefrancq, Sylvain Payraudeau, and Boris M. van Breukelen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5243–5261, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5243-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5243-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents concentration and carbon isotope data of two herbicides from a small agricultural catchment. Herbicide concentrations at the catchment outlet were highest after intense rainfall events. The isotope data indicated herbicide degradation within 2 months after application. The system was modelled with a conceptual mathematical model using the transport formulation by travel-time distributions, which allowed testing of various assumptions of pesticide transport and degradation.
Dick van Oevelen, Christina E. Mueller, Tomas Lundälv, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 13, 5789–5798, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5789-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5789-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Cold-water corals form true hotspots of biodiversity in the cold and dark deep sea, but need to live off of only small amounts of food that reach the deep sea. Using chemical tracers, this study investigated whether cold-water corals are picky eaters. We found that under low food conditions, they do not differentiate between food sources but they do differentiate at high food concentrations. This adaptation suggests that they are well adapted to exploit short food pulses efficiently.
Frans C. van Geer, Brian Kronvang, and Hans Peter Broers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3619–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3619-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3619-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper includes a review of the current state of high-frequency monitoring in groundwater and surface waters as an outcome of a special issue of HESS and four sessions at EGU on this topic. The focus of the paper is to look at how high-frequency monitoring can be used as a valuable support to assess the management efforts under various EU directives. We conclude that we in future will see a transition from research to implementation in operational monitoring use of high-frequency sensors.
Clare Woulds, Steven Bouillon, Gregory L. Cowie, Emily Drake, Jack J. Middelburg, and Ursula Witte
Biogeosciences, 13, 4343–4357, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4343-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4343-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Estuarine sediments are important locations for carbon cycling and burial. We used tracer experiments to investigate how site conditions affect the way in which seafloor biological communities cycle carbon. We showed that while total respiration rates are primarily determined by temperature, total carbon processing by the biological community is strongly related to
its biomass. Further, we saw a distinct pattern of carbon cycling in sandy sediment, in which uptake by bacteria dominates.
Bas van der Grift, Hans Peter Broers, Wilbert Berendrecht, Joachim Rozemeijer, Leonard Osté, and Jasper Griffioen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1851–1868, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1851-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1851-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
High-frequency water quality measurements at a pumping station where excess water is pumped out of a polder catchment have indicated that nitrate from agricultural areas is drained away relatively quickly in wet periods, but that phosphate is actually retained much more in polder systems than in free drainage areas. Phosphate emissions occur, therefore, not predominantly in winter, but due to the delayed release from the bed sediments and by feeding from the groundwater, rather in summer.
Arthur H. W. Beusen, Alexander F. Bouwman, Ludovicus P. H. Van Beek, José M. Mogollón, and Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 13, 2441–2451, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2441-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2441-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Intensifying anthropogenic activity over the 20th century including agriculture, water consumption, urbanization, and aquaculture has almost doubled the global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) delivery to streams and steadily increased the N : P ratio in freshwater bodies. Concurrently, the cumulative number of reservoirs has driven a rise in freshwater nutrient retention and removal. Still, river nutrient transport to the ocean has also nearly doubled, potentially stressing coastal environments.
Patrick W. Bogaart, Ype van der Velde, Steve W. Lyon, and Stefan C. Dekker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1413–1432, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1413-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1413-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse how stream discharge declines after rain storms. This "recession" behaviour contains information about the capacity of the catchment to hold or release water. Looking at many rivers in Sweden, we were able to link distinct recession regimes to land use and catchment characteristics. Trends in recession behaviour are found to correspond to intensifying agriculture and extensive reforestation. We conclude that both humans and nature reorganizes the soil in order to enhance efficiency.
J. C. Rozemeijer, A. Visser, W. Borren, M. Winegram, Y. van der Velde, J. Klein, and H. P. Broers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 347–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-347-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-347-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Controlled drainage has been recognized as an effective option to optimize soil moisture conditions for agriculture and to reduce unnecessary losses of fresh water and nutrients. For a grassland field in the Netherlands, we measured the changes in the field water and solute balance after introducing controlled drainage. We concluded that controlled drainage reduced the drain discharge and increased the groundwater storage in the field, but did not have clear positive effects for water quality.
A. H. W. Beusen, L. P. H. Van Beek, A. F. Bouwman, J. M. Mogollón, and J. J. Middelburg
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 4045–4067, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-4045-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-4045-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The IMAGE-Global Nutrient Model (GNM) is used to study the impact of multiple environmental changes on N and P delivery to surface water and transport and in-stream retention in rivers, lakes, wetlands and reservoirs over prolonged time periods. N and P are delivered to water bodies via diffuse sources (agriculture and natural ecosystems) and wastewater. N and P retention in a water body is calculated on the basis of the residence time of the water and nutrient uptake velocity.
M. Hagens, C. P. Slomp, F. J. R. Meysman, D. Seitaj, J. Harlay, A. V. Borges, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 12, 1561–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1561-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1561-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study looks at the combined impacts of hypoxia and acidification, two major environmental stressors affecting coastal systems, in a seasonally stratified basin. Here, the surface water experiences less seasonality in pH than the bottom water despite higher process rates. This is due to a substantial reduction in the acid-base buffering capacity of the bottom water as it turns hypoxic in summer. This highlights the crucial role of the buffering capacity as a modulating factor in pH dynamics.
B. J. Dermody, R. P. H. van Beek, E. Meeks, K. Klein Goldewijk, W. Scheidel, Y. van der Velde, M. F. P. Bierkens, M. J. Wassen, and S. C. Dekker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 5025–5040, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5025-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5025-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Our virtual water network of the Roman World shows that virtual water trade and irrigation provided the Romans with resilience to interannual climate variability. Virtual water trade enabled the Romans to meet food demands from regions with a surplus. Irrigation provided stable water supplies for agriculture, particularly in large river catchments. However, virtual water trade also stimulated urbanization and population growth, which eroded Roman resilience to climate variability over time.
B. van der Grift, J. C. Rozemeijer, J. Griffioen, and Y. van der Velde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4687–4702, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4687-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4687-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Exfiltration of anoxic groundwater containing Fe(II) to surface water is an important mechanism controlling P speciation in the lowland catchments. Due to changes in pH and temperature, the Fe(II) oxidation rates were much lower in winter than in summer. This study also shows a fast transformation of dissolved P to structural P during the initial stage of the Fe oxidation process resulting in low dissolved P concentrations in the surface water throughout the year.
A. de Kluijver, P. L. Schoon, J. A. Downing, S. Schouten, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 11, 6265–6276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6265-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6265-2014, 2014
J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 11, 2357–2371, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2357-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2357-2014, 2014
C. E. Mueller, A. I. Larsson, B. Veuger, J. J. Middelburg, and D. van Oevelen
Biogeosciences, 11, 123–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-123-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-123-2014, 2014
S. R. Lutz, H. J. van Meerveld, M. J. Waterloo, H. P. Broers, and B. M. van Breukelen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4505–4524, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4505-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4505-2013, 2013
L. Pozzato, D. Van Oevelen, L. Moodley, K. Soetaert, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 6879–6891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6879-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6879-2013, 2013
B. Veuger, A. Pitcher, S. Schouten, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 1775–1785, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1775-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1775-2013, 2013
A. de Kluijver, K. Soetaert, J. Czerny, K. G. Schulz, T. Boxhammer, U. Riebesell, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 10, 1425–1440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1425-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1425-2013, 2013
K. A. Koho, K. G. J. Nierop, L. Moodley, J. J. Middelburg, L. Pozzato, K. Soetaert, J. van der Plicht, and G-J. Reichart
Biogeosciences, 10, 1131–1141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1131-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1131-2013, 2013
A. F. Bouwman, M. F. P. Bierkens, J. Griffioen, M. M. Hefting, J. J. Middelburg, H. Middelkoop, and C. P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 10, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Urban Hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Theory development
ET cool home: innovative educational activities on evapotranspiration and urban heat
The impact of wind on the rainfall–runoff relationship in urban high-rise building areas
Isotopic reconnaissance of urban water supply system dynamics
Fractal analysis of urban catchments and their representation in semi-distributed models: imperviousness and sewer system
Urban hydrology in mountainous middle eastern cities
Kyle Blount, Garett Pignotti, and Jordyn Wolfand
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1515–1526, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce an applied approach to evapotranspiration (ET) instruction. In a laboratory experiment, students calculate ET using water balance and energy balance approaches for five urban land surface covers (gravel, soil, grass, asphalt, and mulch). The experiment is paired with an urban heat tour facilitated by thermal infrared cameras. The activities are adaptable for various contexts, ranging from undergraduate lab classes to demonstrations for pre-university classrooms and the public.
Xichao Gao, Zhiyong Yang, Dawei Han, Kai Gao, and Qian Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6023–6039, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6023-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6023-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We proposed a theoretical framework and conducted a laboratory experiment to understand the relationship between wind and the rainfall–runoff process in urban high-rise building areas. The runoff coefficient (relating the amount of runoff to the amount of precipitation received) found in the theoretical framework was close to that found in the laboratory experiment.
Yusuf Jameel, Simon Brewer, Richard P. Fiorella, Brett J. Tipple, Shazelle Terry, and Gabriel J. Bowen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6109–6125, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6109-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6109-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Public water supply systems (PWSSs) are important infrastructure susceptible to contamination and physical disruption. In general, PWSSs are analyzed using hydrodynamic models, which requires detailed supply infrastructure information. In this paper, we have shown that stable isotope mixing models can also provide useful information on PWSSs. The method developed here can be useful in studying decentralized PWSSs, validating hydrodynamic models and solving water right issues.
Auguste Gires, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, Daniel Schertzer, Susana Ochoa-Rodriguez, Patrick Willems, Abdellah Ichiba, Li-Pen Wang, Rui Pina, Johan Van Assel, Guendalina Bruni, Damian Murla Tuyls, and Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2361–2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2361-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2361-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Data from 10 urban or peri-urban catchments located in five EU countries are used to analyze the imperviousness distribution and sewer network geometry. Consistent scale invariant features are retrieved for both (fractal dimensions can be defined), which enables to define a level of urbanization. Imperviousness representation in operational model is also found to exhibit scale-invariant features (even multifractality). The research was carried out as part of the UE INTERREG IV RainGain project.
T. Grodek, J. Lange, J. Lekach, and S. Husary
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 953–966, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-953-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-953-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Audet, J., Zak, D., Bidstrup, J., and Hoffmann, C. C.: Nitrogen and phosphorus retention in Danish restored wetlands. Ambio, 49, 324–336, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01181-2, 2020.
Baken, S., Sjostedt, C., Gustafsson, J. P., Seuntjens, P., and Desmet, N.:
Characterisation of hydrous ferric oxides derived from iron-rich groundwaters and their contribution to use suspended sediment of streams, Appl. Geochem., 39, 59–68, 2013.
Beusen, A. H. W., Bouwman, A. F., Van Beek, L. P. H., Mogollón, J. M., and Middelburg, J. J.: Global riverine N and P transport to ocean increased during the 20th century despite increased retention along the aquatic continuum, Biogeosciences, 13, 2441–2451, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2441-2016, 2016.
Bieroza, M. Z., Heathwaite, A. L., Bechmann, M., Kyllmar, K., and Jordan, P.: The concentration-discharge slope as a tool for water quality management, Sci. Total Environ., 630, 738–749, 2018.
Bunch, N. D. and Bermot, M. J.: Nitrate and ammonium uptake by natural stream
sediment microbial communities in response to nutrient enrichment, Res. Microbiol., 163, 137–141, 2012.
Cavaliere, E. and Baulch, H. M.: Winter nitrification in ice-covered lakes,
PLoS ONE, 14, e0224864, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224864, 2019.
Chen, M., Ding, S., Chen, X., Sun, Q., Fan, X., Lin, J., Ren, M., Yang, L., and Zhang, C.: Mechanisms driving phosphorus release during algal blooms based on hourly changes in iron and phosphorus concentrations in sediments, Water Res., 133, 153–164, 2018.
Díaz, P., Stanek, P., Frantzeskaki, N., and Yeh, D. H.: Shifting paradigms, changing waters: Transitioning to integrated urban water management in the coastal city of Dunedin, USA, Sustain. Cit. Soc., 26, 555–567, 2016.
Duncan, J.M., Welty, C., Kemper, J. T., Groffman, P. M., and Band, L. E.: Dynamics of nitrate concentation-discharge patterns in an urban watershed, Water Resour. Res., 53, 7349–7365, 2017.
Eggimann, S., Mutzner, L., Wani, O., Schneider, M. Y., Spuhler, D., de Vitry, M. M., Beutler, P., and Maurer, M.: The Potential of Knowing More: A Review of Data-Driven Urban Water Management, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 2538–2553, 2017.
Filippelli, M. G.: The global phosphorus cycle: Past, present, and future,
Elements, 4, 89–95, 2008.
Fletcher, T. D., Shuster, W., Hunt, W. F., Ashley, R., Butler, D., Arther, S., Trowsdale, S., Barraud, S., Semadeni-Davies, A., Bertrand-Krajewski, J. L., Mikkelsen, P. S., Rivard, G., Uhl, M., Dagenais, D., and Viklander, M.: SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and more – The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage, Urb. Water J., 12, 525–542, 2015.
Genkai-Kato, M., Vadeboncoeur, Y., Liboriussen, L., and Jeppesen, E.: Benthic-planktonic coupling, regime shifts, and whole-lake primary production in shallow lakes, Ecology, 93, 619–631, 2012.
Griffioen, J.: Extent of immobilisation of phosphate during aeration of
nutrient-rich, anoxic groundwater, J. Hydrol., 320, 359–369, 2006.
Gunnars, A., Blomqvist, S., Johansson, P., and Andersson, C.: Formation of Fe (III) oxyhydroxide colloids in freshwater and brackish seawater, with
incorporation of phosphate and calcium, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 66, 745–758, 2002.
Hansson, L. A.: Effects of competitive interactions on the biomass development of planktonic and periphytic algae in lakes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 33, 121–128, 1988.
Hartwig, E. O.: Factors affecting respiration and photosynthesis by the benthic community of a subtidal siliceous sediment, Mar. Biol., 46, 283–293, 1978.
He, S. and Xu, Y. J.: Three decadal inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus from four major coastal rivers to the summer hypoxic zone of the northern Gulf of
Mexico, Water Air Soil Pollut., 226, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2580-6, 2015.
Henry, J. C. and Fisher, S. G.: Spatial segregation of periphyton communities in a desert stream: causes and consequences for N cycling, J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 22, 511–527, 2003.
Jäger, C. G. and Borchardt, D.: Longitudinal patterns and response lengths of algae in riverine ecosystems: A model analysis emphasizing
benthic-pelagic interactions, J. Theor. Biol., 442, 66–78, 2018.
Jäger, C. G., Hagemann, J., and Borchardt, D.: Can nutrient pathways and
biotic interactions control eutrophication in riverine ecosystems? Evidence
from a model driven mesocosm experiment, Water Res., 115, 162–171, 2017.
Jones, C. E., An, K., Blom, R. G., Kent, J. D., Ivins, E. R., and Bekaert, D.: Anthropogenic and geologic influences on subsidence in the vicinity of New Orleans, Louisiana, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 121, 3867–3887, 2016.
Kabenge, M., Wang, H., and Li, F.: Urban eutrophication and its spurring
conditions in the Murchison Bay of Lake Victoria, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23, 234–241, 2016.
Kleeberg, A., Hupfer, M., and Gust, G.: Phosphorus entrainment due to
resuspension in a lowland river, Spree, NE Germany – A laboratory microcosm
study, Water Air Soil Pollut., 183, 129–142, 2007.
Kopáček, J., Borovec, J., Hejzlar, J., Ulrich, K., Norton, S. A., and Amirbahman, A.: Aluminum control of phosphorus sorption by lake sediments, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 8784–8789, 2005.
Kuenen, J.: Anammox bacteria: from discovery to application, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 6, 320–326, 2008.blackboxThis reference is not cited in the text.
Le Moal, M., Cascuel-Odoux, C., Menesguen, A., Souchon, Y., Etrillard, C., Levain, A., Moatar, F., Pannard, A., Souchu, P., Lefebvre, A., and Pinay, G.:
Eutrophication: A new wine in an old bottle, Sci. Total Environ., 651, 1–11, 2019.
Li, H., Song, C. L., Cao, X. Y., and Zhou, Y. Y.: The phosphorus release pathways and their mechanisms driven by organic carbon and nitrogen in sediments of eutrophic shallow lakes, Sci. Total Environ., 572, 280–288, 2016.
Li, X., Chen, M., and Anderson, B. C.: Design and performance of a water quality treatment wetland in a public park in Shanghai, China, Ecol. Eng., 35, 18–24, 2009.
Lijklema, L.: Nutrient dynamics in shallow lakes: effects of changes in loading and role of sediment-water interactions, Hydrobiologia, 275/276,
335–348, 1994.
Lofts, S., Tipping, E., and Hamilton-Taylor, J.: The Chemical Speciation of
Fe(III) in Freshwaters, Aquat. Geochem., 14, 337–358, 2008.
Lu, H., Wang, J., Li, J., Shao, H., and Wu, Y.: Periphytic biofilm: A buffer for phosphorus precipitation and release between sediments and water,
Chemosphere, 144, 2058–2064, 2016.
Lyvén, B., Hassellöv, M., Turner, D. R., Haraldsson, C., and Andersson, K.: Competition between iron- and carbon-based colloidal carries for trace metals in a freshwater assessed using flow field-flow fractionation coupled to ICPMS, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 67, 3791–3802, 2003.
McGlathery, K. J., Anderson, I. C., and Tyler, A. C.: Magnitude and variability of benthic and pelagic metabolism in a temperate coastal lagoon, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 216, 1–15, 2001.
Middelburg, J. J.: Marine Carbon Biogeochemistry – A Primer for Earth System
Scientists, Springer Briefs in Earth System Sciences, Switzerland, 2019.
Middleburg, J. J. and Nieuwenhuize, J.: Uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in turbid, tidal estuaries, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 192, 79–88, 2000.
Miller, M. P., Tesoriero, A. J., Capel, P. D., Pellerin, B. A., Hyer, K. E., and Burns, D. A.: Quantifying watershed-scale groundwater loading and instream fate of nitrate using high-frequency water quality data, Water Resour. Res., 52, 330–347, 2016.
Mosley, L. M., Hunter, K. A., and Ducker, W. A.: Forces between Colloid Particles in Natural Waters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3303–3308, 2003.
Mulder, A., van de Graaf, A. A., Robertson, L. A., and Kuenen, J. G.: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 1, 177–184, 1995.
Nahar, M. S., Zhang, J., Ueda, A., and Yoshihisa, F.: Investigation of severe water problem in urban areas of a developing country: the case of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Environ. Geochem. Health, 36, 1079–1094, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9616-5, 2014.
Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Norris, D., Kirchner, J. W., Neal, M., Rowland, P.,
Wickham, H., Harman, S., Armstrong, L., Sleep, D., Lawlor, A., Woods, C., Williams, B., Fry, M., Newton, G., and Wright, D.: Three decades of water quality measurements from the Upper Severn experimental catchments at Plynlimon, Wales: an openly accessible data resource for research, modelling,
environmental management and education, Hydrol. Process., 25, 3818–3830, 2011.
Nizzoli, D., Welsh, D. T., and Viaroli, P.: Denitrification and benthic
metabolism in lowland pit lakes: The role of trophic conditions, Sci. Total Environ., 703, 134804, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134804, 2020.
Nyenje, P. M., Foppen, J. W., Uhlenbrook, S., Kulabako, R., and Muwanga, A.:
Eutrophication and nutrient release in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa – A
review, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 447–455, 2010.
Painter, H. A.: A review of literature on inorganic nitrogen metabolism in
microorganisms, Water Res., 4, 393–450, 1970.
Pasterank, A., Hillebrand, H., and Flöder, S.: Competition between benthic and pelagic microalgae for phosphorus and light-long-term experiments using artificial substrates, Aquat. Sci., 71, 238–249, 2009.
Paerl, H. W., Scott, J. T., McCarthy, M. J., Newell, S. E., Gardner, W. S., Havens, K. E., Hoffman, D. K., Wilhelm, S. W., and Wurtsbaugh, W. A.: It Takes Two to Tango: When and Where Dual Nutrient (N & P) Reductions Are Needed to Protect Lakes and Downstream Ecosystems, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 10805–10813, 2016.
Petranich, E., Covelli, S., Acquavita, A., De Vittor, C., Faganeli, J., and Contin, M.: Benthic nutrient cycling at the sediment-water interface in a lagoon fish farming system (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy), Sci. Total Environ., 644, 137–149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.310, 2018.
Putt, A. E., MacIsaac, E. A., Herunter, H. E., Cooper, A. B., and Selbie, D. T.: Eutrophication forcings on a peri-urban lake ecosystem: Context for
integrated watershed to airshed management, PLoS ONE, 4, e0219241, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219241, 2019.
Rode, M., Wade, A. J., Cohen, M. J., Hensley, R. T., Michael, J. B., Kirchner, J. W., Arhonditsis, G. B., Jordan, P., Kronvang, B., Halliday, S. J., Skeffington, R., Rozemeijer, J., Aubert, A. H., Rinke, K., and Jomaa, S.: Sensors in the stream: the high-frequency wave of the present, Environ. Sci.
Techno., 50, 10297–10307, 2016.
Rozemeijer, J. C. and Broers, H. P.: The groundwater contribution to surface
water contamination in a region with intensive agricultural land use
(Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands), Environ. Pollut., 148, 695–706, 2007.
Rozemeijer, J. C., van der Velde, Y., van Geer, F. C., Bierkens, M. F. P., and Broers, H. P.: Direct measurements of the tile drain and groundwater flow
route contributions to surface water contamination: From field-scale
concentration patterns in groundwater to catchment-scale surface water
quality, Environ. Pollut., 158, 3571–3579, 2010a.
Rozemeijer, J. C., van der Velde, Y., van Geer, F. C., de Rooij, G. H., Torfs, P. J. J. F., and Broers, H. P.: Improving load estimates for NO3 and P in surface water by characterizing the concentration response to rainfall events, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6305–6312, 2010b.
Scheffer, M.: Ecology of shallow lakes, 1st Edn., Chapman & Hall, London, 1998.
Smolders, A. J. P., Lamers, L. P. M., Lucassen, E. C. H. E. T., Van Der Velde, G., and Roelofs, J. G. M.: Internal eutrophication: How it works and what to do about it – a review, Chem. Ecol., 22, 93–111, 2006.
Soetaert, K. and Herman, P. M. J.: Nitrogen dynamics in the Westerschelde estuary (SW Netherlands) estimated by means of the ecosystem model MOSES, Hydrobiologia, 311, 225–246, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00008583, 1995.
Spears, B. M., Carvalho, L., Perkins, R., Kirika, A., and Paterson, D. M.:
Sediment phosphorus cycling in a large shallow lake: spatio-temporal variation in phosphorus pools and release, Hydrobiologia, 584, 37–48, 2007.
Strayer, D. L., Pace, M. L., Caraco, N. F., Cole, J. J., and Findlay, S. E. G.: Hydrology and grazing jointly control a large-river food web, Ecology, 89, 12–18, 2008.
Thamdrup, B. and Dalsgaard, T.: Production of N2 through anaerobic
ammonium oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction in marine sediments, Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 68, 1312–1318, 2002.blackboxThis reference is not cited in the text.
Toor, G. S., Occhipinti, M. L., Yang, Y. Y., Majcherek, T., Haver, D., and Oki, L.: Managing urban runoff in residential neighbourhoods: Nitrogen and phosphorus in lawn irrigation driven runoff, PLoS ONE, 12, e0179151,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179151, 2017.
van der Grift, B., Rozemeijer, J. C., Griffioen, J., and van der Velde, Y.: Iron oxidation kinetics and phosphate immobilization along the flow-path from groundwater into surface water, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4687–4702, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4687-2014, 2014.
van der Grift, B., Broers, H. P., Berendrecht, W., Rozemeijer, J., Osté, L., and Griffioen, J.: High-frequency monitoring reveals nutrient sources and transport processes in an agriculture-dominated lowland water system, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1851–1868, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1851-2016, 2016.
Van der Grift, B., Osté, L., Schot, P., Kratz, A., van Popta E., Wassen, M., and Griffioen, J.: Forms of phosphorus in suspended particulate matter in
agriculture-dominated lowland catchments: Iron as phosphorus carrier,
Sci. Total Environ., 631–632, 115–129, 2018.
Van der Velde, Y., Rozemeijer, J. C., de Rooij, G. H., van Geer, F. C., and Broers, H. P.: Field-scale measurements for separation of catchment discharge into flow route contribution, Vadose Zone J., 9, 25–35, 2010.
van Geer, F. C., Kronvang, B., and Broers, H. P.: High-resolution monitoring of nutrients in groundwater and surface waters: process understanding, quantification of loads and concentrations, and management applications, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3619–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3619-2016, 2016.
Walsh, C. J., Roy, J. W., Feminella, J. W., Cottingham, P. D., Groffman, P. M., and Morgan II, R. P.: The urban stream syndrome: current knowledge and the search for a cure, J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 24, 706–732, 2005.
Wang, T., Liu, G., Gao, L., Zhu, L., Fu, Q., and Li, D.: Biological and Nutrient Responses to a Typhoon in the Yangtze Estuary and the Adjacent Sea, J. Coast. Res., 32, 323–332, 2016.
Wilczak, A., Jacangelo, J. G., Marcinko, J. P., Odell, L. H., and Kirmeyer, G. J.: Occurrence of nitrification in chloraminated distribution systems, J.
Am. Water Works Assoc., 88, 74–85, 1996.
Wriedt, G., Spindler, J., Neef, T., Meißner, R., and Rode, M.: Groundwater dynamics and channel activity as major controls of in-tream nitrate concentrations in a lowland catchment system?, J. Hydrol., 343,
154–168, 2007.
Yang, Y. Y. and Toor, G. S.: Stormwater runoff driven phosphorus transport in an urban residential catchment: Implications for protecting water quality in
urban watersheds, Scient. Rep., 8, 11681, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29857-x, 2018.
Yu L., Rozemeijer J.C., van Breukelen B.M., Ouboter M., van der Vlugt C.,
and Broers H.P.. Groundwater impacts on surface water quality and nutrient
loads in lowland polder catchments: monitoring the greater Amsterdam area.
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 22:487-508, 2018.
Yu, L., Rozemeijer, J. C., van der Velde, Y., van Breukelen, B. M., Ouboter, M., and Broers, H. P.: Urban hydrogeology: Transport routes and mixing of water and solutes in a groundwater influenced urban lowland catchment, Sci.
Total Environ., 678, 288–300, 2019.
Zhang, W., Jin, X., Meng, X., Tang, W., and Shan, B.: Phosphorus transformations at the sediment-water interface in shallow freshwater ecosystems caused by decomposition of plant debris, Chemosphere, 201, 328–334, 2018.
Zhang, X. and Mei, X.: Effects of benthic algae on release of soluble reactive phosphorus from sediments: a radioisotope tracing study, Water Sci.
Eng., 8, 127–131, 2015.
Zhu, W. X., Dillard, N. D., and Grimm, N. B.: Urban nitrogen biogeochemistry:
status and processes in green retention basins, Biogeochemistry, 71, 177–196, 2004.
Short summary
The assessment of the collected water quality information is for the managers to find a way to improve the water environment to satisfy human uses and environmental needs. We found groundwater containing high concentrations of nutrient mixes with rain water in the ditches. The stable solutes are diluted during rain. The change in nutrients over time is determined by and uptaken by organisms and chemical processes. The water is more enriched with nutrients and looked
dirtierduring winter.
The assessment of the collected water quality information is for the managers to find a way to...
