Articles | Volume 25, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4417-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4417-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Aug 2021
Research article |
| 13 Aug 2021
| 13 Aug 2021
The accuracy of temporal upscaling of instantaneous evapotranspiration to daily values with seven upscaling methods
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
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Cited
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Estimating land evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration constrained by soil water at daily scale Z. Liu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155327
- Combination of Multiple Variables and Machine Learning for Regional Cropland Water and Carbon Fluxes Estimation: A Case Study in the Haihe River Basin M. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173280
- Evaluating machine learning and deep learning for upscaling instantaneous latent heat flux to daily scale E. Tunca https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-026-01079-4
- Evaluation of remotely sensed global evapotranspiration data from inland river basins Z. Liu https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14774
- The utility of all-weather land surface temperature for energy balance–based evapotranspiration estimation R. Harod et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-026-01119-z
- Modeling Evapotranspiration at Larger Temporal Scales: Effects of Temporal Aggregation and Data Gaps K. Athira et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14174142
- Temporal Upscaling of Agricultural Evapotranspiration with an Improved Evaporative Fraction Method J. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17061016
- Quantitative assessment of the scale conversion from instantaneous to daily GPP under various sky conditions based on MODIS local overpassing time J. Lee & J. Im https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2024.2319372
- Multiscale evaluation of three remote sensing-based evapotranspiration models across the humid to arid tropics: a study over India K. Athira et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2025.2541749
- Intercomparison of temporal upscaling strategies for daily evapotranspiration estimation from the perspective of land surface temperature Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133461
- Upscaling instantaneous ET obtained using UAV multispectral and thermal data into daily ET with and without UAV flights N. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2025.127865
- Physical mechanism-based simulation methods for soil and ground heat flux from observations at multi-sites Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132168
- A review of remote sensing estimation of crop water productivity: definition, methodology, scale, and evaluation M. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2023.2240523
- Accuracy of five ground heat flux empirical simulation methods in the surface-energy-balance-based remote-sensing evapotranspiration models Z. Liu https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6207-2022
- Up-scaling the latent heat flux from instantaneous to daily-scale: A comparison of three methods M. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101057
- Modelling the diurnal cycle of evapotranspiration using remote sensing models – are we there yet? K. Athira et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2025.2576598
- Thermodynamically constrained surface energy balance using medium-resolution remote sensing for efficient evapotranspiration mapping Y. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115510
- Uncertainty assessment of satellite remote-sensing-based evapotranspiration estimates: a systematic review of methods and gaps B. Tran et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4505-2023
- Daily Evapotranspiration Estimations by Direct Calculation and Temporal Upscaling Based on Field and MODIS Data Y. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164094
- Evaluations of Remote Sensing-Based Global Evapotranspiration Datasets at Catchment Scale in Mountain Regions Y. Jiang & Z. Liu https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245096
- The study on the actual estimation of evapotranspiration in the Kuye River based on the SEBS model and its driving mechanisms H. Fan et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1836222
- Spatiotemporal trends and evapotranspiration estimation using an improvised SEBAL convergence method for the semi-arid region of Western Rajasthan, India D. Saxena et al. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.220
- Enhancing evapotranspiration estimates in orchards with the Surface Energy Balance for Partially Vegetated surfaces (SEB-PV) model through combined use of gridded soil moisture and temporal upscaling methods L. Cigarra-Guíñez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180569
- How useful are the lake surface temperature estimates from a geostationary satellite (Himawari-8) to detect seasonal and diurnal changes? M. Sugita & T. Inagaki https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2023.2199162
- Assessing evapotranspiration and single crop coefficients of common crops by eddy covariance measurement at multi-sites Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2025.127762
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Estimating land evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration constrained by soil water at daily scale Z. Liu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155327
- Combination of Multiple Variables and Machine Learning for Regional Cropland Water and Carbon Fluxes Estimation: A Case Study in the Haihe River Basin M. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173280
- Evaluating machine learning and deep learning for upscaling instantaneous latent heat flux to daily scale E. Tunca https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-026-01079-4
- Evaluation of remotely sensed global evapotranspiration data from inland river basins Z. Liu https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14774
- The utility of all-weather land surface temperature for energy balance–based evapotranspiration estimation R. Harod et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-026-01119-z
- Modeling Evapotranspiration at Larger Temporal Scales: Effects of Temporal Aggregation and Data Gaps K. Athira et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14174142
- Temporal Upscaling of Agricultural Evapotranspiration with an Improved Evaporative Fraction Method J. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17061016
- Quantitative assessment of the scale conversion from instantaneous to daily GPP under various sky conditions based on MODIS local overpassing time J. Lee & J. Im https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2024.2319372
- Multiscale evaluation of three remote sensing-based evapotranspiration models across the humid to arid tropics: a study over India K. Athira et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2025.2541749
- Intercomparison of temporal upscaling strategies for daily evapotranspiration estimation from the perspective of land surface temperature Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133461
- Upscaling instantaneous ET obtained using UAV multispectral and thermal data into daily ET with and without UAV flights N. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2025.127865
- Physical mechanism-based simulation methods for soil and ground heat flux from observations at multi-sites Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132168
- A review of remote sensing estimation of crop water productivity: definition, methodology, scale, and evaluation M. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2023.2240523
- Accuracy of five ground heat flux empirical simulation methods in the surface-energy-balance-based remote-sensing evapotranspiration models Z. Liu https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6207-2022
- Up-scaling the latent heat flux from instantaneous to daily-scale: A comparison of three methods M. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101057
- Modelling the diurnal cycle of evapotranspiration using remote sensing models – are we there yet? K. Athira et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2025.2576598
- Thermodynamically constrained surface energy balance using medium-resolution remote sensing for efficient evapotranspiration mapping Y. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115510
- Uncertainty assessment of satellite remote-sensing-based evapotranspiration estimates: a systematic review of methods and gaps B. Tran et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4505-2023
- Daily Evapotranspiration Estimations by Direct Calculation and Temporal Upscaling Based on Field and MODIS Data Y. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14164094
- Evaluations of Remote Sensing-Based Global Evapotranspiration Datasets at Catchment Scale in Mountain Regions Y. Jiang & Z. Liu https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245096
- The study on the actual estimation of evapotranspiration in the Kuye River based on the SEBS model and its driving mechanisms H. Fan et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1836222
- Spatiotemporal trends and evapotranspiration estimation using an improvised SEBAL convergence method for the semi-arid region of Western Rajasthan, India D. Saxena et al. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.220
- Enhancing evapotranspiration estimates in orchards with the Surface Energy Balance for Partially Vegetated surfaces (SEB-PV) model through combined use of gridded soil moisture and temporal upscaling methods L. Cigarra-Guíñez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180569
- How useful are the lake surface temperature estimates from a geostationary satellite (Himawari-8) to detect seasonal and diurnal changes? M. Sugita & T. Inagaki https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2023.2199162
- Assessing evapotranspiration and single crop coefficients of common crops by eddy covariance measurement at multi-sites Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2025.127762
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Jun 2026
Short summary
Instantaneous evapotranspiration (ET), which is detected by the remote sensing technique, needs to be upscaled to daily values in order to practical applications. The accuracy of seven upscaling methods is evaluated by using global observations. The sine function and the evaporative fraction method using extraterrestrial solar irradiance are recommended. Although every upscaling scheme has high accuracy at most sites, it is less accurate at tropical rainforest and tropical monsoon sites.
Instantaneous evapotranspiration (ET), which is detected by the remote sensing technique, needs...
