Analysis of the characteristics of the global virtual water trade network
using degree and eigenvector centrality, with a focus on food and feed crops

Lee, Sang-Hyun; Mohtar, Rabi H.; Choi, Jin-Yong; Yoo, Seung-Hwan

doi:10.5194/hess-20-4223-2016

Articles | Volume 20, issue 10

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4223-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4223-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 20, issue 10

Research article

|

18 Oct 2016

Research article |

| 18 Oct 2016

Analysis of the characteristics of the global virtual water trade network using degree and eigenvector centrality, with a focus on food and feed crops

Sang-Hyun Lee, Rabi H. Mohtar, Jin-Yong Choi, and Seung-Hwan Yoo

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Views and downloads (calculated since 23 May 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
May 2016	104	19	0	123
Jun 2016	31	7	1	39
Jul 2016	15	7	0	22
Aug 2016	9	7	0	16
Sep 2016	5	6	0	11
Oct 2016	98	17	10	125
Nov 2016	64	8	10	82
Dec 2016	10	5	0	15
Jan 2017	15	5	0	20
Feb 2017	11	8	0	19
Mar 2017	19	24	3	46
Apr 2017	34	23	1	58
May 2017	32	16	6	54
Jun 2017	19	6	1	26
Jul 2017	15	9	0	24
Aug 2017	11	14	1	26
Sep 2017	15	8	0	23
Oct 2017	10	7	0	17
Nov 2017	7	12	0	19
Dec 2017	13	18	1	32
Jan 2018	4	11	1	16
Feb 2018	8	11	0	19
Mar 2018	12	11	0	23
Apr 2018	6	5	0	11
May 2018	13	13	0	26
Jun 2018	14	12	0	26
Jul 2018	10	10	0	20
Aug 2018	15	8	1	24
Sep 2018	13	18	0	31
Oct 2018	11	9	0	20
Nov 2018	14	16	1	31
Dec 2018	10	12	1	23
Jan 2019	8	6	0	14
Feb 2019	6	3	0	9
Mar 2019	5	11	0	16
Apr 2019	9	9	0	18
May 2019	9	10	1	20
Jun 2019	14	14	0	28
Jul 2019	15	10	0	25
Aug 2019	4	9	0	13
Sep 2019	4	10	0	14
Oct 2019	9	6	3	18
Nov 2019	13	13	0	26
Dec 2019	6	6	1	13
Jan 2020	10	9	3	22
Feb 2020	8	9	0	17
Mar 2020	7	7	0	14
Apr 2020	8	4	1	13
May 2020	7	7	3	17
Jun 2020	15	11	0	26
Jul 2020	21	18	4	43
Aug 2020	8	16	3	27
Sep 2020	17	10	1	28
Oct 2020	11	6	3	20
Nov 2020	7	8	1	16
Dec 2020	8	16	2	26
Jan 2021	29	9	4	42
Feb 2021	17	6	0	23
Mar 2021	9	6	0	15
Apr 2021	17	9	0	26
May 2021	21	10	0	31
Jun 2021	31	5	0	36
Jul 2021	13	10	0	23
Aug 2021	15	11	1	27
Sep 2021	16	6	1	23
Oct 2021	10	37	0	47
Nov 2021	6	22	0	28
Dec 2021	16	11	0	27
Jan 2022	10	14	0	24
Feb 2022	8	3	1	12
Mar 2022	10	8	1	19
Apr 2022	17	6	1	24
May 2022	7	6	1	14
Jun 2022	4	2	1	7
Jul 2022	11	4	0	15
Aug 2022	18	3	0	21
Sep 2022	7	7	1	15
Oct 2022	9	3	1	13
Nov 2022	8	13	0	21
Dec 2022	11	6	1	18
Jan 2023	14	15	2	31
Feb 2023	14	13	0	27
Mar 2023	22	8	1	31
Apr 2023	9	5	1	15
May 2023	24	8	0	32
Jun 2023	39	12	4	55
Jul 2023	14	12	3	29
Aug 2023	19	11	2	32
Sep 2023	8	12	3	23
Oct 2023	11	5	1	17
Nov 2023	4	3	0	7
Dec 2023	9	5	1	15
Jan 2024	6	2	1	9
Feb 2024	8	13	3	24
Mar 2024	10	6	4	20
Apr 2024	13	5	4	22
May 2024	13	10	1	24
Jun 2024	18	12	4	34
Jul 2024	17	4	3	24
Aug 2024	27	7	2	36
Sep 2024	8	8	0	16
Oct 2024	13	8	2	23
Nov 2024	9	6	1	16
Dec 2024	6	5	1	12
Jan 2025	9	6	1	16
Feb 2025	23	11	1	35
Mar 2025	10	13	1	24
Apr 2025	16	14	1	31
May 2025	24	3	0	27
Jun 2025	29	13	0	42
Jul 2025	9	24	3	36
Aug 2025	12	13	1	26
Sep 2025	31	14	2	47
Oct 2025	24	23	1	48
Nov 2025	21	10	3	34

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 23 May 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
May 2016	104	19	0	123
Jun 2016	31	7	1	39
Jul 2016	15	7	0	22
Aug 2016	9	7	0	16
Sep 2016	5	6	0	11
Oct 2016	98	17	10	125
Nov 2016	64	8	10	82
Dec 2016	10	5	0	15
Jan 2017	15	5	0	20
Feb 2017	11	8	0	19
Mar 2017	19	24	3	46
Apr 2017	34	23	1	58
May 2017	32	16	6	54
Jun 2017	19	6	1	26
Jul 2017	15	9	0	24
Aug 2017	11	14	1	26
Sep 2017	15	8	0	23
Oct 2017	10	7	0	17
Nov 2017	7	12	0	19
Dec 2017	13	18	1	32
Jan 2018	4	11	1	16
Feb 2018	8	11	0	19
Mar 2018	12	11	0	23
Apr 2018	6	5	0	11
May 2018	13	13	0	26
Jun 2018	14	12	0	26
Jul 2018	10	10	0	20
Aug 2018	15	8	1	24
Sep 2018	13	18	0	31
Oct 2018	11	9	0	20
Nov 2018	14	16	1	31
Dec 2018	10	12	1	23
Jan 2019	8	6	0	14
Feb 2019	6	3	0	9
Mar 2019	5	11	0	16
Apr 2019	9	9	0	18
May 2019	9	10	1	20
Jun 2019	14	14	0	28
Jul 2019	15	10	0	25
Aug 2019	4	9	0	13
Sep 2019	4	10	0	14
Oct 2019	9	6	3	18
Nov 2019	13	13	0	26
Dec 2019	6	6	1	13
Jan 2020	10	9	3	22
Feb 2020	8	9	0	17
Mar 2020	7	7	0	14
Apr 2020	8	4	1	13
May 2020	7	7	3	17
Jun 2020	15	11	0	26
Jul 2020	21	18	4	43
Aug 2020	8	16	3	27
Sep 2020	17	10	1	28
Oct 2020	11	6	3	20
Nov 2020	7	8	1	16
Dec 2020	8	16	2	26
Jan 2021	29	9	4	42
Feb 2021	17	6	0	23
Mar 2021	9	6	0	15
Apr 2021	17	9	0	26
May 2021	21	10	0	31
Jun 2021	31	5	0	36
Jul 2021	13	10	0	23
Aug 2021	15	11	1	27
Sep 2021	16	6	1	23
Oct 2021	10	37	0	47
Nov 2021	6	22	0	28
Dec 2021	16	11	0	27
Jan 2022	10	14	0	24
Feb 2022	8	3	1	12
Mar 2022	10	8	1	19
Apr 2022	17	6	1	24
May 2022	7	6	1	14
Jun 2022	4	2	1	7
Jul 2022	11	4	0	15
Aug 2022	18	3	0	21
Sep 2022	7	7	1	15
Oct 2022	9	3	1	13
Nov 2022	8	13	0	21
Dec 2022	11	6	1	18
Jan 2023	14	15	2	31
Feb 2023	14	13	0	27
Mar 2023	22	8	1	31
Apr 2023	9	5	1	15
May 2023	24	8	0	32
Jun 2023	39	12	4	55
Jul 2023	14	12	3	29
Aug 2023	19	11	2	32
Sep 2023	8	12	3	23
Oct 2023	11	5	1	17
Nov 2023	4	3	0	7
Dec 2023	9	5	1	15
Jan 2024	6	2	1	9
Feb 2024	8	13	3	24
Mar 2024	10	6	4	20
Apr 2024	13	5	4	22
May 2024	13	10	1	24
Jun 2024	18	12	4	34
Jul 2024	17	4	3	24
Aug 2024	27	7	2	36
Sep 2024	8	8	0	16
Oct 2024	13	8	2	23
Nov 2024	9	6	1	16
Dec 2024	6	5	1	12
Jan 2025	9	6	1	16
Feb 2025	23	11	1	35
Mar 2025	10	13	1	24
Apr 2025	16	14	1	31
May 2025	24	3	0	27
Jun 2025	29	13	0	42
Jul 2025	9	24	3	36
Aug 2025	12	13	1	26
Sep 2025	31	14	2	47
Oct 2025	24	23	1	48
Nov 2025	21	10	3	34

Latest update: 23 Nov 2025

Short summary

Virtual water trade (VWT) embedded in crop trade is an important component of water management. Vulnerable importers in VWT were classified through connectivity and volume of VWT using degree centrality of a VWT network. Influential traders on entire VWT were classified through eigenvector centrality of a VWT network.