Articles | Volume 20, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4223-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4223-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Oct 2016
Research article |
| 18 Oct 2016
Analysis of the characteristics of the global virtual water trade network using degree and eigenvector centrality, with a focus on food and feed crops
Sang-Hyun Lee
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
Rabi H. Mohtar
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
Jin-Yong Choi
Department of Rural Systems Engineering and Research Institute for Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Seung-Hwan Yoo
Department of Rural and Bio-systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Cited
11 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Critical transmission sectors for provincial food-water nexus in China K. Li et al. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123886
- The sustainability of agricultural trade: The case of South Africa T. van Huyssteen et al. 10.1016/j.clpl.2025.100092
- Transboundary water-food nexus based on physical-virtual water embedded in food trade network S. Lee et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129819
- Resilience assessment of interprovincial crop virtual water flow network in China H. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109456
- Improved assessment of water-saving effects by global virtual water flow in agri-food trade network with an integrated approach Y. Long et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133554
- Economic development management in a water-capacious economy S. Fedulova et al. 10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.21
- On the relationship between virtual water network and crops intra-trade among Nile basin countries K. Selim & S. Abdalbaki 10.2166/wp.2019.074
- Assessment of food trade impacts on water, food, and land security in the MENA region S. Lee et al. 10.5194/hess-23-557-2019
- Water footprint for Korean rice products and virtual water trade in a water-energy-food nexus S. Lee et al. 10.1080/02508060.2018.1515570
- Identifying emerging technologies using expert opinions on the future: A topic modeling and fuzzy clustering approach W. Jang et al. 10.1007/s11192-021-04024-8
- Opportunities and Challenges for Establishing a Resource Nexus Community of Science and Practice R. Mohtar et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2022.880754
10 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Critical transmission sectors for provincial food-water nexus in China K. Li et al. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123886
- The sustainability of agricultural trade: The case of South Africa T. van Huyssteen et al. 10.1016/j.clpl.2025.100092
- Transboundary water-food nexus based on physical-virtual water embedded in food trade network S. Lee et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129819
- Resilience assessment of interprovincial crop virtual water flow network in China H. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109456
- Improved assessment of water-saving effects by global virtual water flow in agri-food trade network with an integrated approach Y. Long et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133554
- Economic development management in a water-capacious economy S. Fedulova et al. 10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.21
- On the relationship between virtual water network and crops intra-trade among Nile basin countries K. Selim & S. Abdalbaki 10.2166/wp.2019.074
- Assessment of food trade impacts on water, food, and land security in the MENA region S. Lee et al. 10.5194/hess-23-557-2019
- Water footprint for Korean rice products and virtual water trade in a water-energy-food nexus S. Lee et al. 10.1080/02508060.2018.1515570
- Identifying emerging technologies using expert opinions on the future: A topic modeling and fuzzy clustering approach W. Jang et al. 10.1007/s11192-021-04024-8
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 29 Jun 2025
Short summary
Virtual water trade (VWT) embedded in crop trade is an important component of water management. Vulnerable importers in VWT were classified through connectivity and volume of VWT using degree centrality of a VWT network. Influential traders on entire VWT were classified through eigenvector centrality of a VWT network.
Virtual water trade (VWT) embedded in crop trade is an important component of water management....
