Articles | Volume 20, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2353-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2353-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
A meta-analysis and statistical modelling of nitrates in groundwater at the African scale
Issoufou Ouedraogo
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix
du Sud 2, Box 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Marnik Vanclooster
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix
du Sud 2, Box 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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- Assessment of acetochlor use areas in the sahel region of Western Africa using geospatial methods C. Hoogeweg et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230990
- Sustainable water treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: recent advances in multifunctional materials and digital tools for complex contaminant removal T. Izuagie et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2977-3504/ae565e
- Understanding nitrate contamination based on the relationship between changes in groundwater levels and changes in water quality with precipitation fluctuations Y. Kawagoshi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.041
- Mitigating nitrate contamination in groundwater: A comprehensive review of in-situ approaches P. Borah et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101406
- Abschätzung des Denitrifikationspotenzials mit Random-Forest-Modellen unter Verwendung hydrochemischer Kovariablen M. Ohmer et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-025-00595-y
- Water quality impacts on human health: towards an integrated, solution-oriented global assessment N. Hofstra et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/3033-4942/ae4265
- Application of random forest regression and comparison of its performance to multiple linear regression in modeling groundwater nitrate concentration at the African continent scale I. Ouedraogo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1900-5
- Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa D. Lapworth et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8031
- Large scale prediction of groundwater nitrate concentrations from spatial data using machine learning L. Knoll et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.045
- A meta-analysis of geochemical characteristics of groundwater quality in Iran M. Jalali & M. Jalali https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2024.103674
- Challenges of groundwater pollution and management in transboundary basins at the African scale I. Ouedraogo & M. Vanclooster https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-69-2021
- Socio-hydrogeological approach for strengthening groundwater management (case study of the Brantas-Metro Groundwater Basin, Malang, East Java Province, Indonesia) F. Masitoh et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2025.1594424
- Application of machine learning in groundwater quality modeling - A comprehensive review R. Haggerty et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119745
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- Assessment of nitrate contamination of domestic wells and remedial treatment by electrocoagulation M. Bouhaous et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100010
- The water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus scenario in Africa: Perspective and policy implementations O. Apeh & N. Nwulu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.060
- Optimization of interpolation method for nitrate pollution in groundwater and assessing vulnerability with IPNOA and IPNOC method in Qazvin plain E. Kazemi et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40201-017-0287-x
- Nitrate contamination in groundwater across Switzerland: Spatial prediction and data-driven assessment of anthropogenic and environmental drivers G. Covatti et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179121
- Modelling the Temporal Dynamics of Groundwater Pollution Risks at the African Scale I. Ouedraogo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051406
- Water security in sub‐Saharan Africa: Understanding the status of sustainable development goal 6 E. Nkiaka et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1552
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- Nitrate contamination of groundwater in Ambohidrapeto–Antananarivo-Madagascar using hydrochemistry and multivariate analysis V. Ramaroson et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01265-5
- Spatio-temporal evaluation of urbanization impacts on groundwater quality and the risk of human exposure to nitrate-contaminated groundwater J. Nwachukwu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100265
- Hydrochemical characteristics and groundwater quality assessment for irrigation and drinking purposes: a case of Enfidha aquifer system, Tunisia A. Kammoun et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-10163-1
- Nitrate contamination of groundwater in the Lower Volta River Basin of Ghana: Sources and related human health risks C. Egbi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110227
- Environmental tracers to evaluate groundwater residence times and water quality risk in shallow unconfined aquifers in sub Saharan Africa E. Banks et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125753
- Suspect screening to support source identification and risk assessment of organic micropollutants in the aquatic environment of a Sub-Saharan African urban center S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118706
- Deteriorating waterways: The effect of nitrate pollution on the development and physiology of the endangered southern bell frog (Litoria raniformis) B. McLean & E. Rodgers https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106670
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Assessment of acetochlor use areas in the sahel region of Western Africa using geospatial methods C. Hoogeweg et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230990
- Sustainable water treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: recent advances in multifunctional materials and digital tools for complex contaminant removal T. Izuagie et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2977-3504/ae565e
- Understanding nitrate contamination based on the relationship between changes in groundwater levels and changes in water quality with precipitation fluctuations Y. Kawagoshi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.041
- Mitigating nitrate contamination in groundwater: A comprehensive review of in-situ approaches P. Borah et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101406
- Abschätzung des Denitrifikationspotenzials mit Random-Forest-Modellen unter Verwendung hydrochemischer Kovariablen M. Ohmer et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-025-00595-y
- Water quality impacts on human health: towards an integrated, solution-oriented global assessment N. Hofstra et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/3033-4942/ae4265
- Application of random forest regression and comparison of its performance to multiple linear regression in modeling groundwater nitrate concentration at the African continent scale I. Ouedraogo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1900-5
- Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa D. Lapworth et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8031
- Large scale prediction of groundwater nitrate concentrations from spatial data using machine learning L. Knoll et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.045
- A meta-analysis of geochemical characteristics of groundwater quality in Iran M. Jalali & M. Jalali https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2024.103674
- Challenges of groundwater pollution and management in transboundary basins at the African scale I. Ouedraogo & M. Vanclooster https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-69-2021
- Socio-hydrogeological approach for strengthening groundwater management (case study of the Brantas-Metro Groundwater Basin, Malang, East Java Province, Indonesia) F. Masitoh et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2025.1594424
- Application of machine learning in groundwater quality modeling - A comprehensive review R. Haggerty et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119745
- Microbial communities of the Kultuk groundwater reservoir located in an active fault zone of the Baikal Rift A. Zakharenko et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2026.102778
- Assessment of nitrate contamination of domestic wells and remedial treatment by electrocoagulation M. Bouhaous et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100010
- The water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus scenario in Africa: Perspective and policy implementations O. Apeh & N. Nwulu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.060
- Optimization of interpolation method for nitrate pollution in groundwater and assessing vulnerability with IPNOA and IPNOC method in Qazvin plain E. Kazemi et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40201-017-0287-x
- Nitrate contamination in groundwater across Switzerland: Spatial prediction and data-driven assessment of anthropogenic and environmental drivers G. Covatti et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179121
- Modelling the Temporal Dynamics of Groundwater Pollution Risks at the African Scale I. Ouedraogo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051406
- Water security in sub‐Saharan Africa: Understanding the status of sustainable development goal 6 E. Nkiaka et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1552
- Structural equation modeling and GIS application into non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of the phreatic aquifers of the south-western coastal basin-Ghana R. Yankey et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00851-5
- Spatial Distribution Analysis of Groundwater Quality Parameters in the East Region of Burkina Faso Using GIS Techniques I. Ouedraogo et al. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20241305.14
- Modeling groundwater nitrate concentrations using spatial and non-spatial regression models in a semi-arid environment A. Atabati et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2022.05.002
- Nitrate contamination of groundwater in Ambohidrapeto–Antananarivo-Madagascar using hydrochemistry and multivariate analysis V. Ramaroson et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01265-5
- Spatio-temporal evaluation of urbanization impacts on groundwater quality and the risk of human exposure to nitrate-contaminated groundwater J. Nwachukwu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100265
- Hydrochemical characteristics and groundwater quality assessment for irrigation and drinking purposes: a case of Enfidha aquifer system, Tunisia A. Kammoun et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-10163-1
- Nitrate contamination of groundwater in the Lower Volta River Basin of Ghana: Sources and related human health risks C. Egbi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110227
- Environmental tracers to evaluate groundwater residence times and water quality risk in shallow unconfined aquifers in sub Saharan Africa E. Banks et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125753
- Suspect screening to support source identification and risk assessment of organic micropollutants in the aquatic environment of a Sub-Saharan African urban center S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118706
- Deteriorating waterways: The effect of nitrate pollution on the development and physiology of the endangered southern bell frog (Litoria raniformis) B. McLean & E. Rodgers https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106670
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 31 May 2026
Short summary
In this paper, we present a meta-analysis of nitrate contamination in groundwater at the pan-African scale. A nitrate data set is constructed based on publications in the web of sciences, and combined with high-resolution generic spatial environmental attributes. A statistical model explains 65 % of the variation of nitrate contamination in groundwater in terms of generic spatial attributes. Nitrate contamination of groundwater at the pan-African scale is mainly affected by population density.
In this paper, we present a meta-analysis of nitrate contamination in groundwater at the...