Complex networks for streamflow dynamics

Sivakumar, B.; Woldemeskel, F. M.

doi:10.5194/hess-18-4565-2014

Articles | Volume 18, issue 11

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4565-2014

© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4565-2014

© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 18, issue 11

Research article

| Highlight paper

|

20 Nov 2014

Research article | Highlight paper |

| 20 Nov 2014

Complex networks for streamflow dynamics

B. Sivakumar and F. M. Woldemeskel

Viewed

Total article views: 7,036 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
4,435	2,290	311	7,036	187	193

HTML: 4,435
PDF: 2,290
XML: 311
Total: 7,036
BibTeX: 187
EndNote: 193

Views and downloads (calculated since 02 Jul 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jul 2014	142	93	4	239
Aug 2014	9	18	2	29
Sep 2014	18	18	3	39
Oct 2014	17	17	0	34
Nov 2014	257	159	13	429
Dec 2014	43	285	4	332
Jan 2015	41	50	0	91
Feb 2015	23	26	0	49
Mar 2015	42	24	5	71
Apr 2015	38	26	1	65
May 2015	10	9	2	21
Jun 2015	35	10	5	50
Jul 2015	23	21	0	44
Aug 2015	16	31	0	47
Sep 2015	13	11	7	31
Oct 2015	13	12	4	29
Nov 2015	28	17	4	49
Dec 2015	18	22	5	45
Jan 2016	25	16	4	45
Feb 2016	23	18	5	46
Mar 2016	32	19	18	69
Apr 2016	6	10	1	17
May 2016	7	11	4	22
Jun 2016	5	6	3	14
Jul 2016	11	14	5	30
Aug 2016	7	9	2	18
Sep 2016	11	12	2	25
Oct 2016	13	8	5	26
Nov 2016	12	7	1	20
Dec 2016	5	7	4	16
Jan 2017	18	5	4	27
Feb 2017	14	1	6	21
Mar 2017	17	6	23
Apr 2017	23	2	7	32
May 2017	19	5	6	30
Jun 2017	27	5	6	38
Jul 2017	17	6	5	28
Aug 2017	10	13	4	27
Sep 2017	8	13	3	24
Oct 2017	5	19	5	29
Nov 2017	5	23	4	32
Dec 2017	11	19	4	34
Jan 2018	6	18	4	28
Feb 2018	11	21	3	35
Mar 2018	8	16	5	29
Apr 2018	8	14	4	26
May 2018	5	16	4	25
Jun 2018	4	14	3	21
Jul 2018	5	14	4	23
Aug 2018	9	19	5	33
Sep 2018	7	15	4	26
Oct 2018	10	13	4	27
Nov 2018	17	15	5	37
Dec 2018	9	12	3	24
Jan 2019	11	11	3	25
Feb 2019	8	1	1	10
Mar 2019	30	11	0	41
Apr 2019	21	6	0	27
May 2019	31	10	1	42
Jun 2019	35	7	0	42
Jul 2019	50	15	1	66
Aug 2019	34	7	0	41
Sep 2019	29	5	1	35
Oct 2019	39	16	1	56
Nov 2019	37	5	0	42
Dec 2019	26	8	1	35
Jan 2020	37	4	1	42
Feb 2020	39	4	0	43
Mar 2020	51	14	1	66
Apr 2020	61	4	0	65
May 2020	70	4	0	74
Jun 2020	59	13	2	74
Jul 2020	57	16	4	77
Aug 2020	65	12	9	86
Sep 2020	64	7	0	71
Oct 2020	28	5	0	33
Nov 2020	37	12	0	49
Dec 2020	70	9	0	79
Jan 2021	85	12	0	97
Feb 2021	61	8	0	69
Mar 2021	56	15	0	71
Apr 2021	50	25	0	75
May 2021	59	11	0	70
Jun 2021	58	13	0	71
Jul 2021	39	14	0	53
Aug 2021	43	17	0	60
Sep 2021	41	13	0	54
Oct 2021	36	36	0	72
Nov 2021	36	26	0	62
Dec 2021	47	13	0	60
Jan 2022	46	16	1	63
Feb 2022	38	6	1	45
Mar 2022	45	12	0	57
Apr 2022	40	6	0	46
May 2022	37	6	1	44
Jun 2022	39	8	1	48
Jul 2022	37	7	2	46
Aug 2022	47	12	1	60
Sep 2022	42	13	0	55
Oct 2022	39	9	2	50
Nov 2022	45	10	0	55
Dec 2022	43	4	0	47
Jan 2023	56	18	5	79
Feb 2023	44	18	1	63
Mar 2023	54	13	0	67
Apr 2023	39	10	1	50
May 2023	38	10	1	49
Jun 2023	52	15	0	67
Jul 2023	43	15	4	62
Aug 2023	46	6	3	55
Sep 2023	40	16	0	56
Oct 2023	55	15	0	70
Nov 2023	76	15	0	91
Dec 2023	30	18	1	49
Jan 2024	15	12	0	27
Feb 2024	22	10	0	32
Mar 2024	20	11	2	33
Apr 2024	31	15	6	52
May 2024	20	16	5	41
Jun 2024	33	19	2	54
Jul 2024	13	11	5	29
Aug 2024	32	4	1	37
Sep 2024	10	12	0	22
Oct 2024	31	7	0	38
Nov 2024	10	10	0	20
Dec 2024	20	14	0	34
Jan 2025	14	10	0	24
Feb 2025	30	15	2	47
Mar 2025	22	7	3	32
Apr 2025	26	16	2	44
May 2025	25	7	1	33
Jun 2025	41	26	0	67
Jul 2025	23	12	1	36
Aug 2025	28	20	1	49
Sep 2025	37	20	4	61
Oct 2025	22	20	1	43
Nov 2025	23	25	3	51

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 02 Jul 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jul 2014	142	93	4	239
Aug 2014	9	18	2	29
Sep 2014	18	18	3	39
Oct 2014	17	17	0	34
Nov 2014	257	159	13	429
Dec 2014	43	285	4	332
Jan 2015	41	50	0	91
Feb 2015	23	26	0	49
Mar 2015	42	24	5	71
Apr 2015	38	26	1	65
May 2015	10	9	2	21
Jun 2015	35	10	5	50
Jul 2015	23	21	0	44
Aug 2015	16	31	0	47
Sep 2015	13	11	7	31
Oct 2015	13	12	4	29
Nov 2015	28	17	4	49
Dec 2015	18	22	5	45
Jan 2016	25	16	4	45
Feb 2016	23	18	5	46
Mar 2016	32	19	18	69
Apr 2016	6	10	1	17
May 2016	7	11	4	22
Jun 2016	5	6	3	14
Jul 2016	11	14	5	30
Aug 2016	7	9	2	18
Sep 2016	11	12	2	25
Oct 2016	13	8	5	26
Nov 2016	12	7	1	20
Dec 2016	5	7	4	16
Jan 2017	18	5	4	27
Feb 2017	14	1	6	21
Mar 2017	17	6	23
Apr 2017	23	2	7	32
May 2017	19	5	6	30
Jun 2017	27	5	6	38
Jul 2017	17	6	5	28
Aug 2017	10	13	4	27
Sep 2017	8	13	3	24
Oct 2017	5	19	5	29
Nov 2017	5	23	4	32
Dec 2017	11	19	4	34
Jan 2018	6	18	4	28
Feb 2018	11	21	3	35
Mar 2018	8	16	5	29
Apr 2018	8	14	4	26
May 2018	5	16	4	25
Jun 2018	4	14	3	21
Jul 2018	5	14	4	23
Aug 2018	9	19	5	33
Sep 2018	7	15	4	26
Oct 2018	10	13	4	27
Nov 2018	17	15	5	37
Dec 2018	9	12	3	24
Jan 2019	11	11	3	25
Feb 2019	8	1	1	10
Mar 2019	30	11	0	41
Apr 2019	21	6	0	27
May 2019	31	10	1	42
Jun 2019	35	7	0	42
Jul 2019	50	15	1	66
Aug 2019	34	7	0	41
Sep 2019	29	5	1	35
Oct 2019	39	16	1	56
Nov 2019	37	5	0	42
Dec 2019	26	8	1	35
Jan 2020	37	4	1	42
Feb 2020	39	4	0	43
Mar 2020	51	14	1	66
Apr 2020	61	4	0	65
May 2020	70	4	0	74
Jun 2020	59	13	2	74
Jul 2020	57	16	4	77
Aug 2020	65	12	9	86
Sep 2020	64	7	0	71
Oct 2020	28	5	0	33
Nov 2020	37	12	0	49
Dec 2020	70	9	0	79
Jan 2021	85	12	0	97
Feb 2021	61	8	0	69
Mar 2021	56	15	0	71
Apr 2021	50	25	0	75
May 2021	59	11	0	70
Jun 2021	58	13	0	71
Jul 2021	39	14	0	53
Aug 2021	43	17	0	60
Sep 2021	41	13	0	54
Oct 2021	36	36	0	72
Nov 2021	36	26	0	62
Dec 2021	47	13	0	60
Jan 2022	46	16	1	63
Feb 2022	38	6	1	45
Mar 2022	45	12	0	57
Apr 2022	40	6	0	46
May 2022	37	6	1	44
Jun 2022	39	8	1	48
Jul 2022	37	7	2	46
Aug 2022	47	12	1	60
Sep 2022	42	13	0	55
Oct 2022	39	9	2	50
Nov 2022	45	10	0	55
Dec 2022	43	4	0	47
Jan 2023	56	18	5	79
Feb 2023	44	18	1	63
Mar 2023	54	13	0	67
Apr 2023	39	10	1	50
May 2023	38	10	1	49
Jun 2023	52	15	0	67
Jul 2023	43	15	4	62
Aug 2023	46	6	3	55
Sep 2023	40	16	0	56
Oct 2023	55	15	0	70
Nov 2023	76	15	0	91
Dec 2023	30	18	1	49
Jan 2024	15	12	0	27
Feb 2024	22	10	0	32
Mar 2024	20	11	2	33
Apr 2024	31	15	6	52
May 2024	20	16	5	41
Jun 2024	33	19	2	54
Jul 2024	13	11	5	29
Aug 2024	32	4	1	37
Sep 2024	10	12	0	22
Oct 2024	31	7	0	38
Nov 2024	10	10	0	20
Dec 2024	20	14	0	34
Jan 2025	14	10	0	24
Feb 2025	30	15	2	47
Mar 2025	22	7	3	32
Apr 2025	26	16	2	44
May 2025	25	7	1	33
Jun 2025	41	26	0	67
Jul 2025	23	12	1	36
Aug 2025	28	20	1	49
Sep 2025	37	20	4	61
Oct 2025	22	20	1	43
Nov 2025	23	25	3	51

Latest update: 25 Nov 2025

Short summary

This study introduces the theory of networks, and in particular complex networks, to examine connections in streamflow dynamics. Monthly streamflow data from a network of 639 stations in the United States are studied. The connections are examined primarily using the concept of clustering coefficient, which quantifies the network’s tendency to cluster. The clustering coefficient analysis is performed with several different threshold levels based on correlations in streamflow between the stations.