Historical impact of water infrastructure on water levels of the Mekong River and the Tonle Sap system

Cochrane, T. A.; Arias, M. E.; Piman, T.

doi:10.5194/hess-18-4529-2014

Articles | Volume 18, issue 11

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4529-2014

© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4529-2014

© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 18, issue 11

Research article

| Highlight paper

|

17 Nov 2014

Research article | Highlight paper |

| 17 Nov 2014

Historical impact of water infrastructure on water levels of the Mekong River and the Tonle Sap system

T. A. Cochrane, M. E. Arias, and T. Piman

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Total article views: 8,629 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
5,276	3,139	214	8,629	190	207

HTML: 5,276
PDF: 3,139
XML: 214
Total: 8,629
BibTeX: 190
EndNote: 207

Views and downloads (calculated since 24 Apr 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2014	42	34	1	77
May 2014	48	78	6	132
Jun 2014	13	27	0	40
Jul 2014	10	39	1	50
Aug 2014	11	14	1	26
Sep 2014	17	20	1	38
Oct 2014	16	14	2	32
Nov 2014	217	104	12	333
Dec 2014	36	54	4	94
Jan 2015	17	35	3	55
Feb 2015	19	23	1	43
Mar 2015	24	31	1	56
Apr 2015	21	30	3	54
May 2015	4	21	0	25
Jun 2015	34	18	2	54
Jul 2015	31	15	2	48
Aug 2015	12	27	0	39
Sep 2015	8	15	13	36
Oct 2015	16	59	16	91
Nov 2015	26	21	0	47
Dec 2015	13	35	0	48
Jan 2016	25	31	0	56
Feb 2016	26	28	2	56
Mar 2016	47	35	14	96
Apr 2016	15	23	0	38
May 2016	7	15	0	22
Jun 2016	6	15	0	21
Jul 2016	10	22	2	34
Aug 2016	6	12	0	18
Sep 2016	9	9	0	18
Oct 2016	10	11	2	23
Nov 2016	9	9	1	19
Dec 2016	3	7	0	10
Jan 2017	17	10	2	29
Feb 2017	11	9	3	23
Mar 2017	25	11	2	38
Apr 2017	25	11	3	39
May 2017	24	19	3	46
Jun 2017	25	12	2	39
Jul 2017	15	10	0	25
Aug 2017	18	15	0	33
Sep 2017	13	12	0	25
Oct 2017	8	18	0	26
Nov 2017	7	17	0	24
Dec 2017	15	14	0	29
Jan 2018	11	18	0	29
Feb 2018	8	9	0	17
Mar 2018	13	20	0	33
Apr 2018	20	14	0	34
May 2018	8	16	0	24
Jun 2018	8	12	1	21
Jul 2018	12	9	0	21
Aug 2018	16	15	0	31
Sep 2018	16	16	0	32
Oct 2018	14	20	1	35
Nov 2018	14	15	0	29
Dec 2018	18	17	1	36
Jan 2019	18	13	0	31
Feb 2019	13	2	0	15
Mar 2019	34	24	0	58
Apr 2019	38	12	0	50
May 2019	47	10	0	57
Jun 2019	36	21	0	57
Jul 2019	43	18	1	62
Aug 2019	37	9	1	47
Sep 2019	35	11	1	47
Oct 2019	46	18	1	65
Nov 2019	35	18	0	53
Dec 2019	43	18	2	63
Jan 2020	55	15	2	72
Feb 2020	36	12	0	48
Mar 2020	59	25	1	85
Apr 2020	65	13	0	78
May 2020	79	10	0	89
Jun 2020	62	20	0	82
Jul 2020	64	23	8	95
Aug 2020	76	21	8	105
Sep 2020	69	17	0	86
Oct 2020	38	23	0	61
Nov 2020	30	20	0	50
Dec 2020	74	20	1	95
Jan 2021	97	21	0	118
Feb 2021	72	16	0	88
Mar 2021	63	21	1	85
Apr 2021	64	20	0	84
May 2021	75	18	0	93
Jun 2021	69	23	0	92
Jul 2021	43	18	1	62
Aug 2021	46	22	0	68
Sep 2021	52	29	1	82
Oct 2021	43	39	0	82
Nov 2021	46	25	0	71
Dec 2021	52	27	0	79
Jan 2022	53	28	1	82
Feb 2022	48	20	1	69
Mar 2022	50	22	0	72
Apr 2022	47	14	0	61
May 2022	48	20	2	70
Jun 2022	39	14	3	56
Jul 2022	43	14	1	58
Aug 2022	57	22	1	80
Sep 2022	47	17	0	64
Oct 2022	47	19	2	68
Nov 2022	56	21	0	77
Dec 2022	57	28	2	87
Jan 2023	72	45	4	121
Feb 2023	49	28	1	78
Mar 2023	78	41	17	136
Apr 2023	42	43	1	86
May 2023	57	34	0	91
Jun 2023	46	20	1	67
Jul 2023	52	23	5	80
Aug 2023	60	32	2	94
Sep 2023	66	25	0	91
Oct 2023	124	42	2	168
Nov 2023	92	11	1	104
Dec 2023	26	25	1	52
Jan 2024	37	43	1	81
Feb 2024	37	32	2	71
Mar 2024	38	35	1	74
Apr 2024	43	29	1	73
May 2024	28	25	5	58
Jun 2024	28	32	2	62
Jul 2024	18	21	3	42
Aug 2024	69	11	4	84
Sep 2024	26	18	0	44
Oct 2024	25	15	0	40
Nov 2024	25	12	1	38
Dec 2024	21	26	0	47
Jan 2025	32	19	0	51
Feb 2025	44	13	0	57
Mar 2025	28	28	1	57
Apr 2025	43	22	1	66
May 2025	45	22	2	69
Jun 2025	56	47	0	103
Jul 2025	65	24	1	90
Aug 2025	64	29	1	94
Sep 2025	58	25	0	83
Oct 2025	42	44	2	88
Nov 2025	25	17	1	43

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 24 Apr 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2014	42	34	1	77
May 2014	48	78	6	132
Jun 2014	13	27	0	40
Jul 2014	10	39	1	50
Aug 2014	11	14	1	26
Sep 2014	17	20	1	38
Oct 2014	16	14	2	32
Nov 2014	217	104	12	333
Dec 2014	36	54	4	94
Jan 2015	17	35	3	55
Feb 2015	19	23	1	43
Mar 2015	24	31	1	56
Apr 2015	21	30	3	54
May 2015	4	21	0	25
Jun 2015	34	18	2	54
Jul 2015	31	15	2	48
Aug 2015	12	27	0	39
Sep 2015	8	15	13	36
Oct 2015	16	59	16	91
Nov 2015	26	21	0	47
Dec 2015	13	35	0	48
Jan 2016	25	31	0	56
Feb 2016	26	28	2	56
Mar 2016	47	35	14	96
Apr 2016	15	23	0	38
May 2016	7	15	0	22
Jun 2016	6	15	0	21
Jul 2016	10	22	2	34
Aug 2016	6	12	0	18
Sep 2016	9	9	0	18
Oct 2016	10	11	2	23
Nov 2016	9	9	1	19
Dec 2016	3	7	0	10
Jan 2017	17	10	2	29
Feb 2017	11	9	3	23
Mar 2017	25	11	2	38
Apr 2017	25	11	3	39
May 2017	24	19	3	46
Jun 2017	25	12	2	39
Jul 2017	15	10	0	25
Aug 2017	18	15	0	33
Sep 2017	13	12	0	25
Oct 2017	8	18	0	26
Nov 2017	7	17	0	24
Dec 2017	15	14	0	29
Jan 2018	11	18	0	29
Feb 2018	8	9	0	17
Mar 2018	13	20	0	33
Apr 2018	20	14	0	34
May 2018	8	16	0	24
Jun 2018	8	12	1	21
Jul 2018	12	9	0	21
Aug 2018	16	15	0	31
Sep 2018	16	16	0	32
Oct 2018	14	20	1	35
Nov 2018	14	15	0	29
Dec 2018	18	17	1	36
Jan 2019	18	13	0	31
Feb 2019	13	2	0	15
Mar 2019	34	24	0	58
Apr 2019	38	12	0	50
May 2019	47	10	0	57
Jun 2019	36	21	0	57
Jul 2019	43	18	1	62
Aug 2019	37	9	1	47
Sep 2019	35	11	1	47
Oct 2019	46	18	1	65
Nov 2019	35	18	0	53
Dec 2019	43	18	2	63
Jan 2020	55	15	2	72
Feb 2020	36	12	0	48
Mar 2020	59	25	1	85
Apr 2020	65	13	0	78
May 2020	79	10	0	89
Jun 2020	62	20	0	82
Jul 2020	64	23	8	95
Aug 2020	76	21	8	105
Sep 2020	69	17	0	86
Oct 2020	38	23	0	61
Nov 2020	30	20	0	50
Dec 2020	74	20	1	95
Jan 2021	97	21	0	118
Feb 2021	72	16	0	88
Mar 2021	63	21	1	85
Apr 2021	64	20	0	84
May 2021	75	18	0	93
Jun 2021	69	23	0	92
Jul 2021	43	18	1	62
Aug 2021	46	22	0	68
Sep 2021	52	29	1	82
Oct 2021	43	39	0	82
Nov 2021	46	25	0	71
Dec 2021	52	27	0	79
Jan 2022	53	28	1	82
Feb 2022	48	20	1	69
Mar 2022	50	22	0	72
Apr 2022	47	14	0	61
May 2022	48	20	2	70
Jun 2022	39	14	3	56
Jul 2022	43	14	1	58
Aug 2022	57	22	1	80
Sep 2022	47	17	0	64
Oct 2022	47	19	2	68
Nov 2022	56	21	0	77
Dec 2022	57	28	2	87
Jan 2023	72	45	4	121
Feb 2023	49	28	1	78
Mar 2023	78	41	17	136
Apr 2023	42	43	1	86
May 2023	57	34	0	91
Jun 2023	46	20	1	67
Jul 2023	52	23	5	80
Aug 2023	60	32	2	94
Sep 2023	66	25	0	91
Oct 2023	124	42	2	168
Nov 2023	92	11	1	104
Dec 2023	26	25	1	52
Jan 2024	37	43	1	81
Feb 2024	37	32	2	71
Mar 2024	38	35	1	74
Apr 2024	43	29	1	73
May 2024	28	25	5	58
Jun 2024	28	32	2	62
Jul 2024	18	21	3	42
Aug 2024	69	11	4	84
Sep 2024	26	18	0	44
Oct 2024	25	15	0	40
Nov 2024	25	12	1	38
Dec 2024	21	26	0	47
Jan 2025	32	19	0	51
Feb 2025	44	13	0	57
Mar 2025	28	28	1	57
Apr 2025	43	22	1	66
May 2025	45	22	2	69
Jun 2025	56	47	0	103
Jul 2025	65	24	1	90
Aug 2025	64	29	1	94
Sep 2025	58	25	0	83
Oct 2025	42	44	2	88
Nov 2025	25	17	1	43

Latest update: 19 Nov 2025

Short summary

Natural patterns of water levels in the Mekong are changing as a result of hydropower and irrigation development. Since 1991, significant changes in water level fluctuations and rising and falling rates have occurred along the lower Mekong. The changes were linked to temporal and spatial trends in water infrastructure development and can lead to impacts on ecosystem productivity. Climatic change is also important, but it has not been the main cause of the key water level alternations.