the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Remote Quantification of the Trophic Status of Chinese Lakes
Shiqi Xu
Kaishan Song
Tiit Kutser
Zhidan Wen
Ge Liu
Yingxin Shang
Lili Lyu
Hui Tao
Xiang Wang
Lele Zhang
Fangfang Chen
Abstract. Assessing eutrophication in lakes is of key importance, as this parameter constitutes a major aquatic ecosystem integrity indicator. The trophic state index (TSI), which is widely used to quantify eutrophication, is a universal paradigm in scientific literature. In this study, a methodological framework is proposed for quantifying and mapping TSI using the Sentinel Multispectral Imager sensor and fieldwork samples. The first step of the methodology involves the implementation of stepwise multiple regression analysis of the available TSI dataset to find some band ratios, such as blue/red, green/red, and red/red, which are sensitive to lake TSI. Trained with in situ measured TSI and match-up Sentinel images, we established the XGBoost of machine learning approaches to estimate TSI, with good agreement (R2 = 0.87, slope = 0.85) and fewer errors (MAE = 3.15 and RMSE = 4.11). Additionally, we discussed the transferability and applications of XGBoost in three lake classifications: water quality, absorption contribution, and reflectance spectra types. We selected the XGBoost to map TSI in 2019–2020 with good quality Sentinel-2 Level-1C images embedded in ESA to examine the spatiotemporal variations of the lake trophic state. In a large-scale observation, 10-m TSI products from investigated 555 lakes in China facing eutrophication and unbalanced spatial patterns associated with lake basin characteristics, climate, and anthropogenic activities. The methodological framework proposed herein could serve as a useful resource toward a continuous, long-term, and large-scale monitoring of lake aquatic ecosystems, supporting sustainable water resource management.
- Preprint
(2496 KB) -
Supplement
(2015 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
Sijia Li et al.
Status: open (extended)
-
CC1: 'Comment on hess-2022-91', Yumei Li, 05 May 2022
reply
The TSI is a universal paradigm for eutrophic research in scientific literature. It is very important to study how to quickly quantify tropical state index estimation in inland water, instead of traditional methods by deriving chlorophyll-a or clarity. The manuscript entitled "Remote Quantification of the Trophic Status of Chinese Lake" proposed an applicable machine learning algorithm which integrates a broad scale dataset of lake biogeochemical characteristics using Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imager (MSI) imagery. Authors applied the best one to first map 10-m TSI in 555 lakes across five limnetic regions in China, and comparison was conducted with previous investigation in lakes across China.
Overall, this paper is well organized and the logic is relatively clear. Many of the acquired datasets are also valuable. However, sufficient explanation is required for the following points.
General comment
- The Case 2 Regional Coast Color processor (C2RCC) was used to remove atmospheric effects. And In Figure 2, normalized water leaving reflectance of samples are acquired. How is the normalization done? This measurement is really odd. Then C2RCC-nets were used instead of C2RCC, and it is need to explain. There are some good atmospheric correction methods designing for MSI sensor, such as the Sen2Cor. Why you choose C2RCC for correcting atmospheric correction?
- Several machine learning algorithms were used in the process of calibrating the TSI model. Why were these algorithms tested? Is there any reason? Is linear regression a machine learning approach?
- The water qualities optical absorption contribution and a k-mean clustering were used in this paper. How can these methods help with the search or the improvement of TSI algorithm? What are the advantages lies in? Please add more explanations.
-The time window of match-up dataset was chosen as 7 day. This time window might be too wide considering the dynamic change of water qualities. Further, it may not show the advantage of relatively high temporal resolution of MSI. And the credibility and accuracy could be undermined by the wide time window.
- Quantitatively, this article referred an effective way to monitor the lake eutrophication on a macro-scale. The machine learning seems to be more excellent than traditional empirical models. However, it may be not a discontinuous mapping within a lake in supplementary material.
Special comment
-Line 43 knowledge of the process of eutrophication can provide us with an understanding of the …... is confused, please clarify it.
-Line 158 some lakes were sampled in the middle can be described again.
-Line 204-205 total phosphorus did not show optical properties, but it still appeared in the modified TSI calculation. Is it possible to explain again?
-Line 218 I am not sure that the selection of images with time window ±7 days can affect the reflectance and results because of quick changes of water qualities, such as a storm event.
-Line 234 why the four algorithms used in this study are the representative machine learning algorithms?
-Line 283 this section needs to be improved and one or two sentences are included
-Line 447-451 need to be improved. It seems the blue band is useless in some high turbid or productive waters, but it is included in this study owing to some samples from Tibet.
Technical
- Line 102 Sentine-2 instead of Sentinel-2
- Line the same reference in Line 154 and 157 is different
- note that TSI in some sentences are italic, and some are not, such as Line 213 and 214, as well as the N in Figure 8.
- Many scripts (e. g., R2) require superscripts or subscripts for proper rendering, such as Figure 6a
- some typefaces have different colors in Figure 7.
- Line 577 Qin et al., (2020)
- Line 606 it is very confused that there are many numbers and commas.
- Figure 2 CR2CC?
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-91-CC1 -
AC1: 'Reply on CC1', zhidan wen, 21 Jun 2022
reply
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://hess.copernicus.org/preprints/hess-2022-91/hess-2022-91-AC1-supplement.pdf
-
AC1: 'Reply on CC1', zhidan wen, 21 Jun 2022
reply
-
RC1: 'Comment on hess-2022-91', Anonymous Referee #1, 22 Jun 2022
reply
In this manuscript, the authors present a methodological framework, using stepwise multiple regression analysis to find some band ratios and establish the XGBoost of machine learning approaches to estimate lakes TSI across China. Transferability and applications of XGBoost were tested in three different water classification scenarios, which provides a new idea for complex water color remote sensing modeling of class II water. This manuscript is well written and organized and this work is very meaningful, the method used is reasonable, and the model performance is good. I only have a few minor comments.
- Line 37, 475, one or two references here can be helpful.
- Line 339, 445, linear regression was used to identify significantly sensitive spectral variables related to TSI, the authors state that blue/red, green/red band ratios showed a good regression coefficient (R2 >0.59) with TSI. Have the results (R2 >0.59) been compared with other band combinations? It is best? What about other band ratios? The selection process of the optimum band should be described in detail. The tables or figures with comparative results should be given.
- Line 382, What is the principle of selecting 555 representative lakes for mapping? Are the mapping images of 555 lakes consistent in date? As you know, the TSI derived from images of different seasons, cloud be completely different.
- Line 484-493, the results showed the support vector machine performed worse than XGBoost and random forest. Why? I suggest that specific reasons need to be explained clearly, from the mechanism of the algorithm or drawbacks or advantages.
- Line 490, the references should be cited here.
- Line 404, Fig.8 did not been cited in text.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-91-RC1 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC1', zhidan wen, 24 Jun 2022
reply
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://hess.copernicus.org/preprints/hess-2022-91/hess-2022-91-AC2-supplement.pdf
Sijia Li et al.
Sijia Li et al.
Viewed
HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
551 | 144 | 21 | 716 | 47 | 7 | 14 |
- HTML: 551
- PDF: 144
- XML: 21
- Total: 716
- Supplement: 47
- BibTeX: 7
- EndNote: 14
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Country | # | Views | % |
---|
Total: | 0 |
HTML: | 0 |
PDF: | 0 |
XML: | 0 |
- 1