Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-685
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-685
16 Jan 2020
 | 16 Jan 2020
Status: this preprint was under review for the journal HESS but the revision was not accepted.

A robust objective function for calibration of groundwater models in light of deficiencies of model structure and observations

Raphael Schneider, Hans Jørgen Henriksen, and Simon Stisen

Abstract. Groundwater models require parameter optimization based on the minimization of objective functions describing, for example, the residual between observed and simulated groundwater head. At larger scales, constraining these models requires large datasets of groundwater head observations, due to the size of the inverse problem. These observations are typically only available from databases comprised of varying quality data from a variety of sources and will be associated with unknown observational uncertainty. At the same time the model structure, especially the hydrogeological description, will inevitably be a simplification of the complex natural system.

As a result, calibration of groundwater models often results in parameter compensation for model structural deficiency. This problem can be amplified by the application of common squared error-based performance criteria, which are most sensitive to the largest errors. We assume that the residuals that remain large during the optimization process likely do so because of either model structural error or observation error. Based on this assumption it is desirable to design an objective function that is less sensitive to these large residuals of low probability, and instead favours the majority of observations that can fit the given model structure.

We suggest a Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS) based objective function that limits the influence of large residuals in the optimization process as the metric puts more emphasis on the position of the residual along the cumulative distribution function than on the magnitude of the residual. The CRPS-based objective function was applied in two regional scale coupled surface-groundwater models and compared to calibrations using conventional sum of absolute and squared errors. The optimization tests illustrated that the novel CRPS-based objective function successfully limited the dominance of large residuals in the optimization process and consistently reduced overall bias. Furthermore, it highlighted areas in the model where the structural model should be revisited.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
Raphael Schneider, Hans Jørgen Henriksen, and Simon Stisen
 
Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
Printer-friendly Version - Printer-friendly version Supplement - Supplement
 
Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
Printer-friendly Version - Printer-friendly version Supplement - Supplement
Raphael Schneider, Hans Jørgen Henriksen, and Simon Stisen
Raphael Schneider, Hans Jørgen Henriksen, and Simon Stisen

Viewed

Total article views: 1,450 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total BibTeX EndNote
1,054 324 72 1,450 79 70
  • HTML: 1,054
  • PDF: 324
  • XML: 72
  • Total: 1,450
  • BibTeX: 79
  • EndNote: 70
Views and downloads (calculated since 16 Jan 2020)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 16 Jan 2020)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 1,385 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 1,383 with geography defined and 2 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 

Cited

Latest update: 11 Oct 2024
Download
Short summary
For groundwater models to deliver reliable results, their parameters often have to be estimated in an optimization process guided by some measure of model performance. In this context, we suggest the use of a novel performance metric, which is less prone to a fit to inadequate observations than the most frequently used metrics based on squared errors. Hence, calibration is more robust to deficiencies in model and observational data, which are common especially in larger scale models.