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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">HESSD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">HESSD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1812-2116</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/hess-2018-222</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A novel model for simulation of nitrate in aquifers</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Noori</surname>
<given-names>Roohollah</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-8563</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dodangeh</surname>
<given-names>Mehrnaz</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Berndtsson</surname>
<given-names>Ronny</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hooshyaripor</surname>
<given-names>Farhad</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Adamowski</surname>
<given-names>Jan Franklin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Javadi</surname>
<given-names>Saman</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Baghvand</surname>
<given-names>Akbar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Water Resources Engineering &amp; Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1477893855, Iran</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, H9X 3V9, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, 3391653755, Iran</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2018</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2018 Roohollah Noori et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://hess.copernicus.org/preprints/hess-2018-222/">This article is available from https://hess.copernicus.org/preprints/hess-2018-222/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://hess.copernicus.org/preprints/hess-2018-222/hess-2018-222.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://hess.copernicus.org/preprints/hess-2018-222/hess-2018-222.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Please Numerical groundwater quality models (GQMs) often run at high computational cost resulting in long simulation times and complex parameter calibration that limit their practical applications. In this study, a novel reduced-order model (ROM) was developed for nitrate simulation in groundwater including a simple structure and with similar accuracy as more extensive GQMs. The proposed methodology for the development of ROM presents a solution for the problem in ROMs developed with eigenvectors, to make predictions into the future. The model performance was investigated by simulation of nitrate in the Karaj Aquifer, Iran. The dominant modes of spatiotemporal variation of nitrate during a five-year period was calculated by the model. The results revealed an excellent agreement between nitrate simulated by the ROM and the well-known Modular Transport 3D Multi Species (MT3DMS). The absolute error between the ROM and the MT3DMS was less than 0.5&amp;thinsp;mg/l in the most parts of the aquifer. Thus, results confirm that the use of ROM has advantages through a much simpler structure and shorter calculation times. Observed spatiotemporal variation of nitrate in the aquifer was well represented by the ROM simulations. The simplicity of the model makes it highly interesting also to other water resources problems.</p>
</abstract>
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