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https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-655-2007
© Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-655-2007
© Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
02 Apr 2007
Status: this preprint was under review for the journal HESS. A revision for further review has not been submitted.
Precipitation and temperature ensemble forecasts from single-value forecasts
Abstract. A procedure is presented to construct ensemble forecasts from single-value forecasts of precipitation and temperature. This involves dividing the spatial forecast domain and total forecast period into a number of parts that are treated as separate forecast events. The spatial domain is divided into hydrologic sub-basins. The total forecast period is divided into time periods, one for each model time step. For each event archived values of forecasts and corresponding observations are used to model the joint distribution of forecasts and observations. The conditional distribution of observations for a given single-value forecast is used to represent the corresponding probability distribution of events that may occur for that forecast. This conditional forecast distribution subsequently is used to create ensemble members that vary in space and time using the "Schaake Shuffle" (Clark et al, 2004). The resulting ensemble members have the same space-time patterns as historical observations so that space-time joint relationships between events that have a significant effect on hydrological response tend to be preserved.
Forecast uncertainty is space and time-scale dependent. For a given lead time to the beginning of the valid period of an event, forecast uncertainty depends on the length of the forecast valid time period and the spatial area to which the forecast applies. Although the "Schaake Shuffle" procedure, when applied to construct ensemble members from a time-series of single value forecasts, may preserve some of this scale dependency, it may not be sufficient without additional constraint. To account more fully for the time-dependent structure of forecast uncertainty, events for additional "aggregate" forecast periods are defined as accumulations of different "base" forecast periods.
The generated ensemble members can be ingested by an Ensemble Streamflow Prediction system to produce ensemble forecasts of streamflow and other hydrological variables that reflect the meteorological uncertainty. The methodology is illustrated by an application to generate temperature and precipitation ensemble forecasts for the American River in California. Parameter estimation and dependent validation results are presented based on operational single-value forecasts archives of short-range River Forecast Center (RFC) forecasts and medium-range ensemble mean forecasts from the National Weather Service (NWS) Global Forecast System (GFS).
How to cite. Schaake, J., Demargne, J., Hartman, R., Mullusky, M., Welles, E., Wu, L., Herr, H., Fan, X., and Seo, D. J.: Precipitation and temperature ensemble forecasts from single-value forecasts, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 4, 655–717, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-655-2007, 2007.
Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
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Latest update: 21 Nov 2024
J. Schaake
Office of Hydrologic Development, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
J. Demargne
Office of Hydrologic Development, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
R. Hartman
California Nevada River Forecast Center, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
M. Mullusky
Office of Hydrologic Development, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
E. Welles
Office of Hydrologic Development, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
L. Wu
Office of Hydrologic Development, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
H. Herr
Office of Hydrologic Development, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
X. Fan
Office of Hydrologic Development, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
D. J. Seo
Office of Hydrologic Development, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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