<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" specific-use="SMUR" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">HESSD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">HESSD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1812-2116</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/hessd-11-11247-2014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Prediction of direct runoff hydrographs utilizing stochastic network models: a case study in South Korea</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Seo</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5689-2165</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>S.-Y.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>11247</fpage>
<lpage>11279</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2014 Y. Seo</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://hess.copernicus.org/preprints/11/11247/2014/hessd-11-11247-2014.html">This article is available from https://hess.copernicus.org/preprints/11/11247/2014/hessd-11-11247-2014.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://hess.copernicus.org/preprints/11/11247/2014/hessd-11-11247-2014.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://hess.copernicus.org/preprints/11/11247/2014/hessd-11-11247-2014.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>In this study, we combine stochastic network models that reproduce
  the actual width function and the width function based instantaneous
  unit hydrograph (WFIUH) that directly makes use of a width function
  and converts it into runoff hydrographs. We evaluated the stochastic
  network models in terms of reproducing the actual width function and
  also the robustness of the semi-distributed model (WFIUH) in
  application to a test watershed in South Korea. The stochastic
  network model has an advantage that it replicates width functions of
  actual river networks, whereas the WFIUH has an advantage that the
  parameter values are physically determined, which can be potentially
  advantageous in prediction of ungauged basins. This study
  demonstrates that the combination of the Gibbsian model and the
  WFIUH is able to reproduce runoff hydrographs not just for the case
  of uniform rainfall over the test catchment but also for moving
  storms. Therefore, results of this study indicate that the impact of
  spatial and temporal rainfall variation on runoff hydrographs can be
  evaluated by the suggested approach in ungauged basins even without
  detailed knowledge of river networks. Once the regional similarity
  in river network configuration is identified, the proposed approach
  can be potentially utilized to estimate the runoff hydrographs for
  ungauged basins.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="33"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Research Foundation of Korea</funding-source>
<award-id>2013058964</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Abdulla, F. A. and Lettenmaier, D. P.: Application of regional parameter estimation schemes to simulate the water balance of a large continental river, J. Hydrol., 197, 258–285, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03263-5&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03263-5&lt;/a&gt;, 1997.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E.: Stochastic Methods in Hydrology: Rain, Landforms, and Floods: CIMAT, Guanajuato, Mexico, 25–28 March 1996, Advanced Series on Statistical Science and Applied Probability, vol. 7, World Scientific, Singapore, River Edge, NJ, 207 pp., 1998.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Bastola, S., Ishidaira, H., and Takeuchi, K.: Regionalisation of hydrological model parameters under parameter uncertainty: a case study involving TOPMODEL and basins across the globe, J. Hydrol., 357, 188–206, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.05.007&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.05.007&lt;/a&gt;, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Beven, K. J.: Rainfall–Runoff Modelling: the Primer, 2nd edn., Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex, Hoboken, NJ, 457 pp., 2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Blazkova, S. and Beven, K.: Flood frequency estimation by continuous simulation for a catchment treated as ungauged (with uncertainty), Water Resour. Res., 38, 14-11–14-14, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000500&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000500&lt;/a&gt;, 2002.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Blöschl, G., Sivapalan, M., Wagener, T., Viglione, A., and Savenije, H. H. G. (Eds.): Runoff Prediction in Ungauged Basins, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Boughton, W. and Chiew, F.: Estimating runoff in ungauged catchments from rainfall, PET and the AWBM model, Environ. Modell. Softw., 22, 476–487, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.01.009&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.01.009&lt;/a&gt;, 2007.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Castellarin, A., Camorani, G., and Brath, A.: Predicting annual and long-term flow-duration curves in ungauged basins, Adv. Water Resour., 30, 937–953, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.08.006&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.08.006&lt;/a&gt;, 2007.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Da Ros, D. and Borga, M.: Use of digital elevation model data for the derivation of the geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph, Hydrol. Process., 11, 13–33, 1997.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Di Lazzaro, M.: Regional analysis of storm hydrographs in the Rescaled Width Function framework, J. Hydrol., 373, 352–365, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Fernandez, W., Vogel, R. M., and Sankarasubramanian, A.: Regional calibration of a watershed model, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 45, 689–707, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626660009492371&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/02626660009492371&lt;/a&gt;, 2000.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Fleming, G. and Franz, D. D.: Flood frequency estimating techniques for small watersheds, J. Hydraul. Eng. ASCE, 97, 1441–1460, 1971.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Franchini, M. and OConnell, P. E.: An analysis of the dynamic component of the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph, J. Hydrol., 175, 407–428, 1996.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Gupta, V. K. and Waymire, E.: On the formulation of an analytical approach to hydrologic response and similarity at the basin scale, J. Hydrol., 65, 95–123, 1983.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Heuvelmans, G., Muys, B., and Feyen, J.: Regionalisation of the parameters of a hydrological model: comparison of linear regression models with artificial neural nets, J. Hydrol., 319, 245–265, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.030&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.030&lt;/a&gt;, 2006.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Holmes, M. G. R., Young, A. R., Gustard, A., and Grew, R.: A region of influence approach to predicting flow duration curves within ungauged catchments, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 721–731, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-721-2002&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-721-2002&lt;/a&gt;, 2002.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Hundecha, Y., Ouarda, T. B. M. J., and Bárdossy, A.: Regional estimation of parameters of a rainfall–runoff model at ungauged watersheds using the &quot;spatial&quot; structures of the parameters within a canonical physiographic-climatic space, Water Resour. Res., 44, W01427, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005439&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005439&lt;/a&gt;, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Karlinger, M. R. and Troutman, B. M.: A random spatial network model based on elementary postulates, Water Resour. Res., 25, 793–798, 1989.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Kirkby, M. J.: Tests of random network model, and its application to basin hydrology, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 1, 197–212, 1976.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Lamb, R.: Calibration of a conceptual rainfall–runoff model for flood frequency estimation by continuous simulation, Water Resour. Res., 35, 3103–3114, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900119&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900119&lt;/a&gt;, 1999.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Lashermes, B. and Foufoula-Georgiou, E.: Area and width functions of river networks: new results on multifractal properties, Water Resour. Res., 43, W09405, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005329&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005329&lt;/a&gt;, 2007.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Lee, M. T. and Delleur, J. W.: A variable source area model of the rainfall–runoff process based on the Watershed Stream Network, Water Resour. Res., 12, 1029–1036, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/WR012i005p01029&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/WR012i005p01029&lt;/a&gt;, 1976.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Leopold, L. B. and Langbein, W. B.: The Concept of Entropy in Landscape Evolution, Theoretical Papers in the Hydrologic and Geomorphic Sciences, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 20 pp., 1962.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Li, M., Shao, Q. X., Zhang, L., and Chiew, F. H. S.: A new regionalization approach and its application to predict flow duration curve in ungauged basins, J. Hydrol., 389, 137–145, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.039&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.039&lt;/a&gt;, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref25">
<label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Menabde, M., Veitzer, S., Gupta, V., and Sivapalan, M.: Tests of peak flow scaling in simulated self-similar river networks, Adv. Water Resour., 24, 991–999, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00043-4&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00043-4&lt;/a&gt;, 2001.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref26">
<label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mesa, O. J. and Mifflin, E. R.: On the relative role of hillslope and network geometry in hydrologic response, in: Scale Problems in Hydrology, edited by: Gupta, V., Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., and Wood, E., D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1–17, 1986.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref27">
<label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Moussa, R.: What controls the width function shape, and can it be used for channel network comparison and regionalization?, Water Resour. Res., 44, 1–19, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref28">
<label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Naden, P. S.: Spatial variability in flood estimation for large catchments – the exploitation of channel network structure, Hydrolog Sci J., 37, 53–71, 1992.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref29">
<label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Nash, J. E.: A unit hydrograph study, with particular reference to British catchments, ICE Proc., 17, 249–282, 1960.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref30">
<label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Oudin, L., Andreassian, V., Perrin, C., Michel, C., and Le Moine, N.: Spatial proximity, physical similarity, regression and ungaged catchments: a comparison of regionalization approaches based on 913 French catchments, Water Resour. Res., 44, W03413, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006240&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006240&lt;/a&gt;, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref31">
<label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. and Valdes, J. B.: Geomorphologic structure of hydrologic response, Water Resour. Res., 15, 1409–1420, 1979.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref32">
<label>32</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Scheidegger, A. E.: A stochastic model for drainage patterns into an intramontane trench, Int. Assoc. Sci. Hydrol. Bull., 12, 15–20, 1967a.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref33">
<label>33</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Scheidegger, A. E.: On topology of river nets, Water Resour. Res., 3, 103–106, 1967b.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref34">
<label>34</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Seo, Y. and Schmidt, A. R.: The effect of rainstorm movement on urban drainage network runoff hydrographs, Hydrol. Process., 26, 3830–3841, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/Hyp.8412&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1002/Hyp.8412&lt;/a&gt;, 2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref35">
<label>35</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Seo, Y. and Schmidt, A. R.: Application of Gibbs&apos; model to urban drainage networks: a case study in southwestern Chicago, USA, Hydrol. Process., 28, 1148–1158, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/Hyp.9657&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1002/Hyp.9657&lt;/a&gt;, 2014.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref36">
<label>36</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Seo, Y., Schmidt, A. R., and Kang, B.: Multifractal properties of the peak flow distribution on stochastic drainage networks, Stoch. Env. Res. Risk A, 28, 1157–1165, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-013-0811-1&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-013-0811-1&lt;/a&gt;, 2014.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref37">
<label>37</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Strahler, A. N.: Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology, EOS, Transactions AGU, 38, 913–920, 1957.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref38">
<label>38</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Troutman, B. M. and Karlinger, M. R.: Unit-hydrograph approximations assuming linear flow through topologically random channel networks, Water Resour. Res., 21, 743–754, 1985.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref39">
<label>39</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Troutman, B. M. and Karlinger, M. R.: Gibbs distribution on drainage networks, Water Resour. Res., 28, 563–577, 1992.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref40">
<label>40</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Van de Nes, T. J.: Linear Analysis of a Physically Based Model of a Distributed Surface Runoff System, Agricultural Research Report, Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, the Netherlands, Wageningen, 1973.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref41">
<label>41</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Wallner, M., Haberlandt, U., and Dietrich, J.: A one-step similarity approach for the regionalization of hydrological model parameters based on Self-Organizing Maps, J. Hydrol., 494, 59–71, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.022&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.022&lt;/a&gt;, 2013.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>